Shudras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c13.590
Śūdras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c13.590
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c13.590
The impurity of women and śūdras in relation to ceremonial occasions is also maintained by the texts of this period.⁵ In some cases penances are provided for seeing śūdras and outcastes (patitas), who are considered to be as impure as dogs.⁶ Penances are also provided for the kṣatriya student who comes into contact with a vaiśya or a śūdra, and for the vaiśya student who comes into contact with a śūdra.⁷