Shudras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c16.28
Śūdras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c16.28
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c16.28
Cash grants were supplemented by grant of pieces of land, mostly belonging to the royal demesne (*rājakam khetam*) in western Maharashtra where we have the earliest inscriptional evidence. Villages also began to be granted, but such grants transferred the royal revenues in the donated areas and not their ownership. In any case in Gupta and post-Gupta times the mechanism of gift-making changed materially. Cash endowments were replaced mainly by land endowments, and Buddhist receivers by brāhmaṇa beneficiaries.