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Shudras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c17.s1: Sources Consulted for More than One Chapter

Śūdras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 c17.s1

Language
English

Contents

Sources Consulted for More than One Chapter

A. Original

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Epics *Mahābhārata*, (Cal. Edn.) Ed. N. Siromani and others, *BI*, Calcutta, 1834-39. Tr. K. M. Ganguly. Published by P. C. Roy, Calcutta, 1884-96.

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(Kumbhakonam Edn.) Ed. T. R. Krishnacharya and T. R. Vyasacharya, Bombay, 1905-10.

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(Critical Edn.) Ed. Various hands, Poona, 1927-1966. Unless otherwise stated the references are to this edition.

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*The Jaya-Saṃhitā* i.e. *The Ur-Mahābhārata*, 2 volumes, Redactor, Keshavram K. Shastree, Ahmedabad, 1977.

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*Rāmāyaṇa* of Vālmīki, Ed. Kāśīnāth Pāṇḍurang, 2 pts., Bombay, 1888.

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Purāṇas *Agni Purāṇa*, Tr. M. N. Dutt, 2 vols., Calcutta, 1903-4.

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*Bhāgavata Purāṇa*, Bombay, 1905.

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*Bhaviṣya Purāṇa*, Bombay, 1910.

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*Brahmāṇḍa Purāṇa*, Bombay, 1913.

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*Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa*. Ed. Rev. K. M. Banerjee, *BI*, Calcutta, 1862. Tr. F. E. Pargiter, Calcutta, 1904.

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*Matsya Purāṇa*, Ed. Jivananda Vidyasagara, Calcutta, 1876.

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*The Purāṇa Text of the Dynasties of the Kali Age*, Tr. F. E. Pargiter, Oxford, 1913.

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*Vāyu Purāṇa*, Ed. R. L. Mitra, 2 vols., *BI*, Calcutta, 1880-88.

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*Viṣṇu Purāṇa* with the comm. of Śrīdharasvāmi, Ed. Jivananda Vidyasagara, Calcutta, 1882. Tr. H. H. Wilson, 5 vols., London, 1864-70.

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Inscriptions D. C. Sircar, *Select Inscriptions Bearing on Indian History and Civilization*, i, Calcutta, 1942.

B. Dictionaries and Reference Books

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W. H. Gilbert, *Caste in India* (Bibliography), Pt. I, Cyclostyled copy, Washington, 1948.

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Laxmanshastri Joshi, *Dharmakośa*, Vol. i (in three parts), Wai, Dist. Satara, 1937-41; Vol. III, pt I. Wai, 1959.

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H. G. Liddell and R. Scott, *A Greek-English Lexicon*, 2 vols., Oxford, 1925-40.

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G. P. Malalasekera, *A Dictionary of Pali Proper Names* 2 vols., London, 1937-8.

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A. A. Macdonell and A. B. Keith, *Vedic Index of Names and Subjects*, 2 vols., London, 1912.

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Monier Monier-Williams, *A Sanskrit-English Dictionary*, Oxford, 1951.

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J. Muir, *Original Sanskrit Texts*, i, London 1872.

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T. W. Rhys Davids and W. Stede, *Pali-English Dictionary*, PTS, London, 1921.

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H. H. Wilson, *A Glossary of Judicial and Revenue Terms* etc., London 1885.

C. Histories of Indian Literature

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S. N. Dasgupta and S. K. De, *A History of Sanskrit Literature* (Classical Period), vol. i, Calcutta, 1947.

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A. B. Keith, *A History of Sanskrit Literature*, Oxford, 1928.

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B. C. Law, *A History of Pali Literature*, vol. i, London, 1933.

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Albrecht Weber, *The History of Indian Literature*, Tr. from 2nd German Edn. by J. Mann and T. Zachariae, London, 1876.

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M. Winternitz, *A History of Indian Literature*, Vol. i, Tr. from German by Mrs. Ketkar, Calcutta.

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,, ,, *Geschichte der Indischen Literatur*, Vols. ii-iii, Leipzig, 1920.

D. General Works

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K. Antonova, G. Bongard-Levin & G. Kotovsky, *A History of India*, BOOK I, Moscow, 1979.

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L. D. Barnett. *Antiquities of India*, London, 1913.

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A. L. Basham, *The Wonder that was India*, London, 1954.

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M. I. Finlay, *The Ancient Economy*, University of California Press, 1973.

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Raymond Firth (ed.), *Themes in Economic Anthropology*, London, 1975.

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Max Gluckman, *Politics, Law and Ritual in Tribal Society*, Basil Blackwell, 1977.

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Maurice Godelier, *Perspectives in Marxist Anthropology*, Cambridge, 1977.

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D. D. Kosambi, *An Introduction to the Study of Indian History*, Bombay, 1956.

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Lawrence Krader (ed. & tr.), *The Ethnological Notebooks of Karl Marx*, Assen, 1972.

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Gunnar Landman, *The Origin of the Inequality of the Social Classes*, London, 1938.

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Christian Lassen, *Indische Alterthumskunde*, 4 vols., Leipzig, 1847-1861.

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R. C. Majumdar, H. C. Raychaudhuri and K. K. Datta, *An Advanced History of India*, London, 1948.

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R. C. Majumdar and A. D. Pusalker, *The Vedic Age*, London, 1951.

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,, ,, ,, *The Age of Imperial Unity*, Bombay, 1951.

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K. A. Nilakanta Sastri, *The Mauryas and Satavahanas*, Bombay, 1957.

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H. C. Raychaudhuri, *Political History of Ancient India*, 6th Edn., Calcutta, 1953.

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E. J. Rapson, *The Cambridge History of India*, Vol. i, Cambridge, 1922.

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Walter Ruben, *Einführung in die Indienkunde*, Berlin, 1954.

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V. A. Smith, *Early History of India*, 4th Edn. revised by S. M. Edwardes, Oxford, 1924.

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Emmanuel Terray, *Marxism and Primitive Societies*, New York, 1972.

E. Secondary Works Mainly on Social and Economic Life in Ancient India

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K. V. Rangaswami Aiyangar, *Some Aspects of the Hindu View of Life according to Dharmaśāstra*, Baroda, 1952.

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A. S. Altekar, *Education in Ancient India*, Banaras, 1934.

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B. R. Ambedkar, *Who were the Shudras? (How they came to be the Fourth Varna in the Indo-Aryan Society)*, Bombay, 1946.

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” ” *The Untouchables (Who were they? And why they became Untouchables?)*, New Delhi, 1948.

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A. Baines, *Ethnography*, Strassburg, 1912.

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Narayanchandra Bandyopadhyaya, *Economic Life and Progress in Ancient India*, Calcutta, 1945.

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N. N. Bhattacharya, *Ancient Indian Rituals and Social Content*, Delhi, 1975.

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S. C. Bhattacharya, *Some Aspects of Indian Society from 2nd Century B.C. to 4th Century A.D.*, Calcutta, 1178.

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G. M. Bongard-Levin, “Some Problems of the Social Structure of Ancient India”, *History and Society: Essays in Honour of Professor Niharranjan Ray*, Calcutta, 1977, pp. 199-227.

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Atindranath Bose, *Social and Rural Economy of Northern India (cir. 600 B.C.-200 A.D.)*, 2 vols., Calcutta, 1945.

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Devraj Chanana, “Ideological Aspects of Slavery in Ancient India”, *Journal of the Oriental Institute*, viii, 1959.

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” ” *Slavery in Ancient India*, English edn., Delhi, 1960.

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Moti Chandra, *Geographical and Economic Studies in Mahābhārata*, Lucknow, 1945.

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” ” *Sārthavāha*, Patna, 1953.

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K. P. Chattopadhyaya, *The Ancient Indian Culture Contacts and Migrations*, Calcutta, 1970.

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K. L. Daftari, *The Social Institutions in Ancient India*, Nagpur, 1947.

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S. A. Dange, *India from Primitive Communism to Slavery*, Bombay 1949.

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Santosh Kumar Das, *The Economic History of Ancient India*, Calcutta, 1944.

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J. D. M. Derrett, *Religion, Law and State in Ancient India*, London, 1968.

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M. G. Dikshit, *History of Indian Class*, Bombay, 1969.

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Bhupendranath Dutt, *Studies in Indian Social Polity*, Calcutta, 1944.

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N. K. Dutt, *Origin and Growth of Caste in India*, Vol. i, (*c.* B.C. 2000-300), London, 1931.

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U. N. Ghoshal, *Contributions to the History of Hindu Revenue System*, Calcutta, 1929.

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G. S. Ghurye, *Caste and Class in India*, Bombay, 1950.

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L. Gopal, "Slavery in Ancient India" *JAHRS*, xxvii, 70-89.

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R. C. Hazra, *Studies in the Purāṇic Records on Hindu Rites and Customs*, Dacca, 1940.; 2nd edn., Delhi, 1975.

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E. W. Hopkins, "Position of Ruling Caste in Ancient India", *JAOS*, xiii, 57-376.

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J. H. Hutton, *Caste in India*, Oxford, 1951.

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Jagdish Chandra Jain, *Life in Ancient India as Depicted in the Jain Canons*, Bombay, 1947.

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P. C. Jain, *Labour in Ancient India*, New Delhi, 1971.

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Suvira Jaiswal, *Caste in the Socio-Economic Framework of Early India*, Presidential Address, Section I, Indian History Congress, 38th Session, Bhubneshwar, 1977.

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,, *Origin and Development of Vaiṣṇavism* (*c.* 200 B.C.—A.D. 500), Delhi, 1967.

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,, ,, "Some Recent Theories of the Origin of Untouchability: A Historiographical Assessment," *Indian History Congress, Proceedings of the Thirty-ninth Session*, Hyderabad, 1978, 218-229.

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K. P. Jayaswal, *Hindu Polity*, 2 pts., Calcutta, 1924.

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,, ,, *Manu and Yājñavalkya*, Calcutta, 1930.

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D. N. Jha, "Social Changes in Ancient India", *Economic and Political Weekly*, xiv, No. 35, 1 September 1979, 1499-1500.

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Vivekanand Jha, “From Tribe to Untouchable: The Case of the Niṣādas” *Indian Society: Historical Probings*, ed. R. S. Sharmas and V. Jha.

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,, ,, “Stages in the History of Untouchables,” *IHR*, ii, 14-31.

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,, ,, “Untouchables in Early Indian History,” Ph. D. Thesis, Patna University, 1972.

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,, ,, “Varṇasaṃkara in the Dharmasūtras”, *JESHO*, xiii, 273-88.

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J. Jolly, *Hindu Law and Custom*, Calcutta, 1928, Tr. S. K. Das from the German Edn. of 1896.

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P. V. Kane, *History of Dharmaśāstra*, Vol. ii, Poona, 1941.

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S. V. Ketkar, *The History of Caste in India*, New York, 1909.

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D. D. Kosambi, *The Culture and Civilization of Ancient India in its Historical Outline*, London, 1965.

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B. C. Law, *Tribes in Ancient India*, Poona, 1943.

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R. C. Majumdar, *Corporate Life in Ancient India*, Calcutta, 1922.

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R. K. Mookerji, *Ancient Indian Education*, London, 1940.

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,, ,, *Local Government in Ancient India*, Oxford, 1920.

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Pran Nath, *A Study in the Economic Condition of Ancient India*, London, 1929.

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Robert A. Padgug, “Problems in the Theory of Slavery and Slave Society,” *Science and Society*. xl, No. 1, 1976, 3-27.

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Jaimal Rai, *The Rural-Urban Economy and Social Changes in Ancient India*, Varanasi, 1974.

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Dev Raj, *L’Esclavage dans l’ Inde ancienne d’apres les Textes Palis et Sanskrits*, Pondichery, 1957.

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H. Risley, *The People of India*, London, 1915.

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Walter Ruben. *Die Lage der Sklaven in der altindischen Gesellschaft*, Berlin, 1957.

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,, ,, *Die okonomische und Soziate Entwicklung Indiens*, Berlin, 1959.

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Walter Ruben, *Uber die Fruhesten Stufen der Entwicklung der altindischen Śūdras*, Berlin, 1965.

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,, ,, *Die gesellschaftliche Entwicklung im alten Indien*, II. Die Entwicklung von Staat und Recht, Berlin, 1968.

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,, ,, *Kulturgeschichte Indiens*, Berlin, 1978.

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B. A. Saletore. *The Wild Tribes in Indian History*, Lahore, 1935. K. M. Saran, *Labour in Ancient India*, Bombay, 1957. Emile Senart, *Caste in India*, Tr. Denison Ross from the French Edn. *Les Castes dans l' Inde* (Paris, 1896), London, 1930. R. N. Sharma, *Brahmins Through the Ages*, Delhi, 1977. R. S. Sharma, *Ancient India*, New Delhi, 1977. ,, ,, *Aspects of Political Ideas and Institutions in Ancient India*, 2nd edn., Delhi, 1968. ,, ,, (and D. N. Jha) "Economic History of India up to A.D. 1200: Trends and Prospects", *JESHO* xvii, pt.1, 1974. ,, ,, *Light on Early Indian Society and Economy*, Bombay, 1966. Romila Thapar, *Social History of Ancient India*, New Delhi, 1979. G. P. Upadhyay, *Brāhmaṇas in Ancient India*, New Delhi, 1979. P. H. Valavalkar, *Hindu Social Institutions*, London, 1939. Max Weber, *The Agrarian Sociology of Ancient Civilization*, London, 1976. Lynn White, Tr., *Medieval Religion and Technology*, California, 1978.