An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c20.s1.t1.3

v1.c20.s1.t1.3

(b) Siwaliks of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh (Pinjor Formation): Siwalik beds, one of the best known mammalian fossiliferous horizons in the world, have been a subject of research for a century and a half. Their studies have thrown considerable light on our knowledge of vertebrate fossils in general and the evolution of various animals in particular. The fauna of the Pinjor—*Equus sivalensis*, *Rhinoceros sivalensis*, *Rhinoceros palaeindicus*, *Chilotherium intermedium*, *Bubalus*, *Bos*, *Hemibos*, *Leptobos*, *Bison*, *Cervus*, *Camelus*, *Archidiskodon planifrons*, *Stegodon insignis-ganesa*, *Geoclemys sivalensis*, *Crocodylus biporcatus*, *Crocodylus palaeindicus*, *Gavialis browni*, etc.—are significant in that they show a mixture of the Old and New World elements and also indicate the probable routes of migration to and from the Indian subcontinent.