An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c24.s3.1

v1.c24.s3.1

*19.3.1 Arrowheads.* Literature refers to several types of arrowheads, such as *ardhacandra* (crescentic), *kṣurapra* (razor-edged) and *sūcī-mukha* (needle-headed). Three main types of iron arrowheads have been found at UJJAIN in levels of the second half of the 1st millennium B.C.: (i) tanged and leaf-shaped, (ii) tanged and bud-shaped with circular section, and (iii) multibladed. Such arrowheads have been reported from the NBPW [11.16] levels of several other sites such as BAHAL, TER, KAUŚĀMBĪ, HASTINĀPURA, SISUPALGARH, MAHESWAR, ERAN, etc. (Gupta, 1961, pp. 134-6). They also appear in levels of the 2nd-1st century B.C. and early centuries of the Christian era at HASTINĀPURA, NASIK, BESNAGAR, SAMBHAR, NEVASA, PRABHAS, PATAN TRIPURĪ, etc. They range in length from 2·45 to 13·9 cm. The two basic types, viz. 'leaf-shaped' and 'triangular-barbed', both socketed and tanged, are persistently met with. At UJJAIN they have been found in levels of 750 to 500 B C., 500 to 200 B.C and 200 B.C. to A.D. 500. At HASTINĀPURA they appear in Pds III, 600 to 300 B.C., and IV, 200 B.C. to A.D. 300. At MAHESHWAR-NAVDATOLI they occur in Pds IV, 400 to 100 B.C., and V, 100 B.C. to A.D. 100. At NASIK, VAIŚĀLĪ, etc., they come from levels ranging in date from 600 B.C. to A.D. 500.