An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c7.s2.4

v1.c7.s2.4

*2.2.3 Oryza* (rice). VAIDYAPUR, CHIRAND (¹⁴C dates erratic), KOLDIHAWA (where the overlying Chalcolithic [4.14] has ¹⁴C date of 4530 B.C.) and ORIUP (all Neolithic); LOTHAL, RANGPUR (Harappa); ATRANJIKHERA (OCW); AHAR, MAHISDAL, NAVDATOLI, Phase II (Chalcolithic); AMBARI, INAMGAON, NOH, PANDU RAJAR DHIBI, ROPAR, SONPUR (first half of 1st millennium B.C.); BHOKARDAN, HASTINĀPURA, KHOKRAKOT, KAUṆḌINYAPURA, NAGDA, PĀṬALIPUTRA, PAUNAR, PAUNI, PURANA QILA, RAJGIR, TER, UJJAIN (Garh Kālikā) (second half of same millennium); Kangra fort, KOLHAPUR, NEVASA, RANGMAHAL, TER (still later). In the lower Deccan the first occurrence is at HALLUR (Iron Age), followed in s. India by KUNNATTUR (Megalithic), Pariyapuram (early centuries A.D.). The records show its oldest occurrence in the Ganga plains, its subsequent diffusion towards w. and e. and from w. to c. India, Saurashtra and Maharashtra via e. Rajasthan. [But see 4.6.4.] Imprints on pottery suggest profuse use of grains and chaff as binding material in clay before firing.