An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v1.c9.s10.5

v1.c9.s10.5

One can see three phases of the Harappa culture in Sutlej basin of Punjab starting from KOTLA NIHANG KHAN to ROPAR, DARA, DHER MAJRA, CHANDIGARH and ultimately SANGHOL, KATPALON, NAGAR and DADHERI. The Harappa complex of the Dṛṣadvatī valley in Haryana is different from this. The earliest phase at KOTLA NIHANG KHAN reveals a limited use of mud and burnt brick along with characteristic Harappa pottery and other objects like bronze, celts, chert, blades, faïence ornaments, terracotta cakes [6.27] and beads. At ROPAR a steatite seal has also been found. Together with the mature Harappa types modifications in them, like the dish-on-stand with drooping rim, jar with horizontally splayed-out rim, bowl-like lid, etc., are also noticed. In the late Harappa context the position of BARA can be taken as a distinct culture as its antecedents are traceable to a pre-Harappa tradition. The pattern of the movement and settlements of the Harappa and Bara cultures in Punjab is not clear. The middle and upper levels of BARA came in contact with the mature and late Harappa phases. From DHER MAJRA, CHANDIGARH and SANGHOL it appears that in the late Harappa culture different varieties of wares—pre-Harappa, Harappa and non-Harappa—mingled and continued. DADHERI, a late Harappa site, conforms to the sequence of BHAGWANPURA.² Other objects include those of copper, terracotta beads, wheels, round cakes, faïence bangles and a terracotta painted bull. At KATPALON and NAGAR the late Harappa pottery complex and PGW are found together from the beginning.