An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v2.c37.155

v2.c37.155

**Kalibangan -1 and -2**, (29°05′; 74°05′), Dt Ganganagar, literally meaning black bangles, from the occurrence on the surface of the countless fragments of weather-stained terracotta bangles, lying along the left bank of the now-dry river Ghaggar (ancient SARASVATĪ) in the n. part of Rajasthan. The Harappa character of the site was first recognized in 1950 by Ghosh, 1952, who explored a considerable area of the Sarasvati valley and identified over 20 Harappa sites. The site comprises two mounds (KLB-1 and -2), the smaller one located to the w. and the larger to the e., recalling an identical disposition of the mounds at Mohenjo-daro and Harappa. The site was systematically excavated for nine field seasons between the years 1961 and 1969 by B.B. Lal and the author on behalf of the ASI (*IAR 1960-1*, p. 31; *1961-2*, p. 38; *1962-3*, p. 20; *1963-4*, p. 30; *1964-5*, p. 35; *1965-6*, p. 38; *1966-7*, p. 31; *1967-8*, p. 42; *1968-9*, p. 28). The excavation has brought to light a twofold sequence of cultures, of which the upper one (Kalibangan I) is Harappa, showing the characteristic grid layout of a metropolis and the lower one (Kalibangan II) pre-Harappa or antecedent Harappa (also called proto-Harappa by some, Ghosh, 1965; Lal, 1979).