Vedic Index of Names and Subjects v1.c3.s21.1103

v1.c3.s21.1103

lived on either side of the Sindhu (Indus), and to assume that Purukutsa’s attack on the aborigines was directed against the forts in which they normally protected themselves on the rising of the river. No argument for the large size of cities can be drawn from the mention in the Kāṭhaka Upaniṣad, v. 1, of ekādaśa-dvāra as an epithet of Pura (cf. Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad, iii. 18: nava-dvāra pura, ‘the citadel of nine doors’), because it is used metaphorically of the body, and the number of doors depends on the nature of the body (Keith, Aitareya Āraṇyaka, 185). The evidence of the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, xi. 1, 1, 2. 3, seems rather to point to only one gate in a city. Cf. Schrader, Prehistoric Antiquities, 412; Muir, Sanskrit Texts, 5, 451; Weber, Indische Studien, 1, 229; Ludwig, Translation of the Rigveda, 3, 203, and Mahāpur.