An Index to the Names in the Mahabharata, with Short Explanations and a Concordance to the Bombay and Calcutta Editions and P. C. Roy's Translation c5.s2.438.3

c5.s2.438.3

how the different castes gradually rose; those are not brahmans that are incapable of understanding that every created thing is the Supreme Brahmán; they take birth as Pṛ., Rā., Pretas, and Mlecchas (XII, 188). What acts constitute a brahman, a kshattriya, a vaiçya, a çūdra; a çūdra may become a brahman by adopting the characteristics of a brahman, and vice versa; the duties that should observe to become truly righteous; the mind should be united with Prāṇa, and Prāṇa be held within Brahmán (XII, 189). Bhrgu discoursed on the characteristics of Truth and Untruth; happiness should always be sought; upon what happiness depends; Bharadvāja doubted that happiness is the highest aim (*Brahmán* lives alone, observant of the vow of brahmacarya; *Çiva brought Kāma to extinction*"); Bhr̥gu's discourse in explanation of Bharadvāja's doubt ("the earth is the pro-genitrix of all creatures; females partake of her nature; the male animal is like *Prajāpati himself*") (XII, 190). Asked by Bharadvāja, Bhr̥gu explained the consequences of gifts, of righteousness, of conduct, of penances, of the study of the Vedas, and of Sacrifices. Asked by Bharadvāja, he then discoursed about the several kinds of duty; then about the four modes of life (laid down in days of old by Brahmán for the benefit of the world) and the duties of the several modes (XII, 191); on the duties of the Forest mode of life; on those of the *Parivrājakas*.