Aspects of Mahayana Buddhism and its Relation to Hinayana c5.s3.t1.10

c5.s3.t1.10

Thus the Avadānas, which are primarily the production of the Sarvāstivādins, clearly show a new phase of development within Hinayānic Bodhisattva-yāna. The Lokottaravādins of the Mahāsānghikas show a little more development than the Sarvāstivādins by defining the four *caryās*, viz., *prakṛti-caryā*, *praṇidhānacaryā*, *anulomacaryā*, and *anivartanacaryā*,³ the first referring to the preliminary practices of a Bodhisattva while he is a pṛthagjana, the second to the development of Bodhicitta, the third to the gradual progress made by a Bodhisattva up to the sixth *bhūmi*, and the fourth to the practice of the last four *bhūmis*⁴ from which a Bodhisattva can never retrocede but must ultimately attain Bodhi. The attainment of Bodhi, therefore, came to be regarded as one of the goals of Hinayāna. It is for this reason that we see the *Kośa* discussing the thirty-four moments required for the attainment of Bodhi,⁵ and other matters relating to