Early Monastic Buddhism v1.c19.s5.4

v1.c19.s5.4

The monks were still then dwelling at foots of trees, on hills, in grottoes and caves, in cemeteries, forests, open places, or on straw-heaps.⁴ The *seṭṭhis* of Rājagaha were the first to come forward to provide *vihāra*, *aḍḍhayoga*, *pāsāda*, *hammiya* and *guhā* for the monks.⁵ They built sixty *vihāras*, and dedicated the same to the use of members of the order of the four corners (*saṭṭhiṃ vihāre āgatānāgatassa cātuddissassa saṃghassa paṭiṭṭhāpehīti*). These had plastered walls, white-washed or coloured, and were provided with doors and windows, verandahs, boundary walls, etc.¹ The vihāras so far constructed were provided with the bare requirements of monks as shown above. It was Anāthapiṇḍika who built a monastery at Sāvatthi with all its component parts, *viz.*, dwelling rooms, cells, gate-chambers, service-halls, halls with fire-places, store-houses, closets, cloisters, rooms for walking exercises, wells, sheds for the well, bathing places, bath-rooms, tanks, pavilions (*vihāra*, *pariveṇa*, *koṭṭhaka*, *upaṭṭhānasālā*, *aggisālā*, *kappiyakuṭi*, *vaccakuṭi*, *caṅkama*, *caṅkamasālā*, *udapāna*, *udapānasālā*, *jantāghara*, *jantāgharasālā*, *pokkharaṇī*, *maṇḍapa*).²