Early Monastic Buddhism v1.c7.s1.35

v1.c7.s1.35

³ The nine substances are *jiva*, *ajiva*, *puṇya*, *pāpa*, *āsrava*, *saṃvara*, *bandha*, *nirjarā* and *mokṣa*. *Jiva* indicates the soul—that which is conscious while *ajiva* the non-soul—that which is unconscious. *Jiva* acts with the help of *ajiva* just as soul or mind functions with the help of body. The results of such actions (*karman*) through mind, speech and body may be either good (*puṇya*) or bad (*pāpa*), which are also substances. These substances, which are karmaic effects, normally flow (*āsrava*) into *Jiva*, but again mind, speech and body may function in such a way that the flow of karmaic effect into *Jiva* may be arrested (*saṃvara*). In the case of *āsrava*, the *jiva* is invested (*bandha*) with *karman* and suffers on account of