An Outline of the Religious Literature of India c14: Index
An Outline of the Religious Literature of India c14
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Contents
Index
c14.1
Abhaṅ, Marāṭhī word for hymn, 235, 302, 374. Ābhāsa, t. t. of Kashmīr Śaivism, 198. Abhayadeva, 278, 279, 401. Abhayatilaka, 370. Abhidhamma Piṭaka, of Buddhist Canon, 67, 392; probably a late work, not belonging to original Canon, 68; only two schools possessed an Abhidhamma P., 68, 106. Abhidhammatthasaṃgaha, 393. Abhidharma, Sanskrit for Abhidhamma. See Abhidharma Piṭaka. Abhidharma-dhātukāyapāda, 394. Abhidharma-kośa of Vasubandhu, 161, 395. Abhidharma-kośa-vyākhyā, 161, 394. Abhidharma Piṭaka, of the Sarvāstivādins, 107; comm. on it, 108. Abhidharma-prakaraṇapāda, 394. Abhidharma-vijñānakāyapāda, 394. Abhidharma-saṅgītiparyāyapāda, 394. Abhidharma-skandhapāda, 394. Abhinava Gupta, 259, 265, 386. Abhinava Pampa, 283, 405. Abhinishkramaṇa-sūtra, 156, 207. Aborigines of India, 4 f., 16. Āchārāṅga-sūtra, 166, 215, 399. Āchāryaparicharya, 379. Achintya-bhedābheda, 287, 311. Adaṅgan-Murai, 352, 387. Adbhuta Brāhmaṇa, 42, 363, 366. Adbhuta Gītā, 336, 382. Adbhuta Rāmāyaṇa, 250, 329, 381. Adhāra-kārikās, 386. Adhvara, 6. Adhvaryu, 6, 7, 14, 17, 19, 20. Adhyātma-Kalpadruma, 402. Adhyātma Nārāyaṇa, 250. Adhyātma Rāmāyaṇa, a mediaeval Ramaite epic, 190, 250, 329, 381; contains the Rāma-hṛidaya and the Rāma-gītā, 250; a Kanarese version, 375. Adhyātma U., 364. Adhyātmopanishad, 401. Ādi-Buddha, 273, 274.
c14.2
Ādi Granth, another name for the Granth of the Sikhs, 339. Ādi P. (Jain), 217, 404. Ādi P. (Jain, Kanarese), 283, 404. Aditi, 10. Āditya Upapurāṇa, 372. Ādi Upadeśa, 344. Adoration Mantras, 202. Advaita, monism, a form of the Vedānta, 128. Advaitāchārya, 307. Advaitānanda, 251, 286, 368. Advaita-siddhi, 368. Advayatāraka U., 364. Afghanistan, 103. Āgamaprāmāṇya, 241. Āgamas, Śaiva manuals, 190, 193, 197, 384, 387; which sects used Āgamas? 190, 197, 198, 255, 257; date, 194; contents, 194 f.; belong to various sects, 195; commentaries, 259; Liṅgāyat Āgamas, 264. Āgama-tattva-vilāsa, 354, 389. Agamic Śaivas, i. e. Śaivas who use the Āgamas, 191, 193 ff., 255, 349, 384. Agastya, 9 n. Agastya S. 183, 381; see Agastya-Sutīkṣṇa Saṃvāda. Agastya-Sutīkṣṇa Saṃvāda, 190, 381; a Ramaite work, 190; called Agastya S., 183; date, 190; referred to in Adhyātma Rāmāyaṇa, 250. Agastya-sūtras, 269, 359, 389. Aghoraghaṇṭa, a Kāpālika ascetic, 192. Aghorīs, 347. Agneyaka A., 193. Agni, 10, 11, 15, 49. Agnichayana, 22. Agni P., 139, 179, 372; probably a Bhāgavata work, 179, 181, 206, 374; contains a passage on Sūrya, 206; a passage on Gaṇeśa, 206, 390; recognizes the five gods, 179. Agra, 316. Agra Dās, 317.
c14.3
Ahaṃkāra, t.t. of the Sāṅkhya system, 98, 130. Ahappey, 352. Ahiṃsā, non-injury, 71; especially non-injury to animal life, 72. Ahmedabad, 318. Ahobila Monastery, 320. Aikya, 261. Aiṅg, 201. Aiśvārika, theistic (from Īśvara), 274. Aitareya Āraṇyaka, 30, 295, 363. Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, 27, 28, 363; commentary, 295. Aitareya U., 54, 55, 235, 364. Aitareyins, a school of the Ṛgveda, 27, 54. Ajita, name of an Āgama, 193. Ājīvikas, 77 n. 1. Ajjasama, 120, 399. Ajñā, name of one of the occult circles, acc. to Śākta Yoga, 269. Akalaṅka, 216, 219, 404. Akalaṅka-stotra, 216, 404. Akālīs, 340. Ākāśa, ether; t. t. of Vaiśeṣika system, 133. Akbar, 284, 291, 310, 337. Akṣamālikā U., 364. Akṣapāda Gautama, 370. Akṣi U., 364. Akṣobhya, 273. Akutobhayā, 397. Alandi, 301. Alavantar Madavappattar, 296, 373. Alayavijñāna, 160, 273. Alberuni, 205, 223. Alexander the Great, 33, 36, 42, 46. Al Haqq, 331, 343. Allahabad, 174, 304, 327. Allāma Prabhu, 353. Allegory, 28. Aḻvārs, Vaiṣṇava poet-musicians of the Tamil country, 182, 187, 232, 379; date, 188; they taught Śūdras and outcastes as well as Caste people, 244; they are leaders and teachers of the Śrī-Vaiṣṇava sect, 187; their images worshipped in the temples, 187; their names, 188; their influence, 220; their hymns collected and arranged, 241; called Nālāyira Prabandham, 241; set to Dravidian music, 241; introduced into the temples, 240, 241. Alwar, 334, 342. Ama, 214. Amalānanda, 222, 368.
c14.4
Amarachandra, 280, 402. Amar Dās, 337, 382. Amar Mūl, 382. Ambā Bhawānī, 356. Amida, Japanese contraction of Amitābha, 275. Amitābha, 117, 273. Amitāyur-dhyāna-sūtra, 158, 396. Amoghasiddha, 273. Amoghavajra, 210, 212, 398. Amoghavarṣa I, 217, 404. Amṛtabindu U., 95, 364. Amṛtachandra, 281, 404. Amṛtanāda U., 364. Amṛtānubhava, 235, 253, 374, 384. Amṛteśa T., 265. Amṛtsār, 337, 341. Aṃśumān, name of an Āgama, 193. Anādi-Vīra-śaiva-sāra-saṅgraha, 387. Ānandalahari, 266, 388. Ananta Deva, 285 n. 2, 295, 367, 373. Anās, 5. Anatta, 64. Āṇava, one element in Pāśa, 195. Ancestor-worship, 1, 16, 22. Andal, 188. Aṅga, a limb, or section of the Jain Canon, 75, 120, 163; eleven Aṅga in the Śvetāmbara Canon, 76; the critical problem they involve, 76, 120; the twelfth Aṅga, 163; comms. on the Aṅga, 279; list, 399. Aṅgabahyas, 120. Aṅgad, a Sikh guru, 337; invented the Gurumukhi alphabet, 337. Aṅga-mantras, mantras auxiliary to the royal mantra of Narasimha. 189. Aṅguttaranikāya, fourth section of Sutta Piṭaka, 109, 391, 392. Anhilvāra-pāṭaṇ, 279, 280. Anichchha, 64. Animal-sacrifice, 3, 14, 41, 48, 268, 354. Animism, 1, 2. Aniruddha, a Vaiṣṇava divinity, one of the vyūhas, 98, 184. Aniruddha, 369. Aniruddha-vṛtti, 369. Annam Bhaṭṭa, 289, 370. Annapūrṇa U., 364. Anquetil Duperron, 287. An Shi-kao, 118. Antakṛtadaśā, one of the Jain Aṅgas, 400. Antarakathāsaṅgraha, 281, 402. Aṇu, t. t. of Kashmir Saivism, 198. Anubhāṣya, 287, 377.
c14.5
*Anugītā*, 97, 98. *Anugraha*, the grace of Śiva, in Āgamic Śaivism, 195. *Anuruddha*, 393. *Anuṣṭubh*, a form of verse, 188. *Anuttaraupapātikadaśā*, 400. *Anuvyākhyāna*, 236, 375. *Anuyogadvāra*, 400. *Apadāna*, a work in the Buddhist Sutta Piṭaka, 71, 108, 392. *Āpa Deva*, 285, 367. *Āpadevī*, 285, 296, 367. *Aparājita-mahāpratyangirā dhāraṇī*, 399. *Aparamitāyus-sūtra-śāstra*, 158, 396. *Aparimitāyur dhāraṇī*, 399. *Āpastamba Dharma Sūtra*, 365. *Āpastamba Gṛihya Sūtra*, 365. *Āpastamba Śrauta Sūtra*, 365. *Āpastamba Śulva Sūtra*, 365. *Appar*, 196, 384. *Appaya Dikshita*, 286, 295, 320, 380, 389; his works, 320, 367, 368, 380; on the Vaishnava Saṃhitās, 181; his title Dikshita, 358; his *Śivārkamaṇidīpikā*, 350, 385; his religious life, 358. *Āptamīmāṃsā*, 216, 219, 371, 403. *Āptaparīkṣā*, 219, 404. *Apūrva*, 125. *Ārādhanakathākośa*, 405. *Ārādhya Brāhmans*, 263. *Ārādhyas*, 263 n. 1. *Aranya*, one of the ten orders of Śaṅkara’s sannyāsīs, 174. *Araṇyagāna*, 19, 30. *Āraṇyakas*, 23, 363; the name, 28; character and contents, 28, 41; purpose of, 29 f.; religion, 30 ff. *Archaka*, a word used for temple-ministrant in S. India, 182, 349. *Archika*, 18. *Ardha-Māgadhī*, a Jain literary dialect, 162. *Argalāstotra*, 357. *Arhat*, the early Buddhist ideal, 105, 113. *Arikesari*, 283. *Arjan*, a Sikh guru, 337, 382; built the golden temple at Amritsar, 337; compiled the *Granth*, 337; put to death by Jahangir, 338. *Armenian peoples*, 1. *Ārsheya Brāhmaṇa*, 27, 363. *Arta*, 3. *Artha-pañchaka*, 246, 380.
c14.6
*Arthasaṅgraha*, 367. *Arthaśāstra*, 43, 73, 96. *Arthavāda*, 25. *Arulnandi Deva*, 257, 258, 385. *Aruna-giri-Nāthar*, 347, 382. *Āruṇeya U.*, 95, 364. *Āryadeva*, 159, 397. *Aryaman*, 2, 10. *Aryans*, 4 ff., 10, 15. *Āryaśūra*, 156, 395. *Āryatārāśragdharāstotra*, 399. *Asada*, 278, 280, 402. *Āśādhara*, 282, 405. *Āsa-ki-wār*, 341. *Āsana*, 253, 253 n. 2. *Asaṅga*, 123, 160; his works, 160 f., 397. *Asceticism*, 13, 22, 40, 47, 52 f., 57, 60. *Ascetics*, 22; used for sannyāsīs, 40. *Asha*, 3. *Ashes*, used by Pāśupatas, 103, 196; used by all Śaivas for the sect-mark, 196. *Aṣṭa Chhāp*, 316. *Aṣṭādhyāyī*, 42. *Aṣṭaprabhṛita*, 403. *Aṣṭasāhasrī*, 219, 371, 404. *Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā*, 273. *Aṣṭaśatī*, 216, 219, 404. *Aṣṭaviṃśati Tattva*, 295, 373. *Āśmarathya*, 128, 221. *Aśoka*, emperor of India, 66; his conversion, 66; edicts, 44, 67, 72; propaganda, 67, 72; missionaries, 67, 72; favourite Buddhist texts, 72; buildings, 67, 72; laws against slaughter of animals and animal sacrifice, 72; vegetarianism, 72; religious tours, 72. *Aśokāvadāna*, 395. *Āśrama*, one of the four forms of Hindu life, 29, 40; these later form a series, 81. *Āśrama*, one of the ten orders of Śaṅkara’s sannyāsīs, 174. *Āśrama U.*, 95, 364. *Assam*, 390. *Astronomy*, 42. *Aśvaghosha*, a Brāhman, who became a Sarvāstivādin Buddhist, 95, 108, 115; then a Mahāyānist, 115; genius and works, 115 f., 395. *Aśvakrānta*, 356. *Āśvalāyana Gṛihya Sūtra*, 365. *Āśvalāyana Śrauta Sūtra*, 365. *Aśvamedha*, 22. *Aśvins*, 2, 3 n. 1, 10.
c14.7
*Atharvan* = *Atharvaveda*. *Atharvaśikhā U.*, 103, 364. *Atharvaśiras U.* (A), 103, 146 n., 196, 364. *Atharvaśiras U.* (B), 180, 206, 266, 364, 365, 373. *Atharvaveda*, 23 ff., 363; relation to *Rik*, 24; age of, 25; canonical position, 25; religion of, 30 ff., 363; philosophy in, 51, 363; many new Upanishads appended, 80; mantras, 201; magic and ritual, 363. Atheism, meaning of the term, 37; examples of, 44, 47, 49, 60, 61. Ativīrarāma Pāṇḍya, 347, 383. *Ātmabodha U.*, 188, 364, 379. Ātman, the self, a name for the Absolute, 32; philosophy of, 27, 32, 41, 51; identification of a divine and human self, 52, 59; the Ātman unknowable, 56; a subject without an object, 56, 59; impersonal, 56; personal, 56; the Ā. is bliss, 57; all else is sorrow, 57; in Vaiśeshika system, 133; and in Nyāya system, 135; in both the conception of the ātman is richer than elsewhere, 135. *Ātmanuśāsana*, 218. *Ātma U.*, 364. Atreya Śākhā of the Taittirīya school, 226. Atri, 8. *Āturaprātyākhyāna*, 400. Auḍulomi, 128. Aughars, 347. *Aupapātika*, 399. Aurungzebe, 291, 343. Austerities, 16, 59; given up in early Buddhism, 63. Avadāna, a form of Buddhist tale, in Pāli Apadāna, 108. *Avadāna-kalpalatā*, 395. *Avadāna-śataka*, 108, 395. Avadhūtas, 327. *Avadhūta U.*, 364. Avalokiteśvara, a Bodhisattva, 158; his mantra, 212; transformed into a goddess in China and Japan, 158; a Dhyāni-Bodhisattva, 273. *Āvaraṇa-bhaṅgavyākhyā*, 376. *Āvaśyaka-sūtra*, 215, 399. Avatāra, lit. descent, the Hindu word for a divine incarnation, 85 n. 1. Avesta, 2, 3. *Avyakta U.*, 364. Avyaṅga, the Zoroastrian girdle, 152.
c14.8
Awadhi, a dialect of Hindī, 333. Ayodhyā, 327, 329, 330.
c14.9.1
Bābā Lāl, 334, 344. Bābā Lālīs, 334, 344. Badāmī, 216. Bādarāyaṇa, author of *Vedānta-sūtras*, 126, 128, 368. Bahurūpa Tantras, 265. *Bahvṛcha U.*, 364. *Bālabhārata*, 280, 402. Bālachandra, 405. *Bālacharita*, 144. Baladeva, 287, 311, 377. Bālakṛshṇa Bhaṭṭa, 316, 377. Balarāma, or Saṃkarshaṇa, a brother of Kṛshṇa, 98. Balarāma Dās, 311, 377. Balehalli, 260. Bāṇa, 200, 205, 388. Banārasī Dāsa, 361, 405. *Bānī* of Dādū, 341; read only by the twice-born, 341. *Bānī* of Lāl Dās, 342. *Bānī* of Rām Charan, 345. Ban-jātrā, 310. Banwāri Dās, 342. Bappabhaṭṭi, 214, 401. Bārhaspatyas, 371. *Bārhaspatya T.*, 268. Barsom, twigs used in Zoroastrian worship, 152. Basava, a Liṅgayat leader, 260, 262, 386. Basava P., 264, 353, 387. *Baudhāyana Dharma Sūtra*, 365. *Baudhāyana Gṛihya-sūtra*, 141, 365; the Pariśishtas to it, 141, 373. *Baudhāyana Śrauta Sūtra*, 365. *Baudhāyana Sulva Sūtra*, 365. Bauls, 312. Beef, eaten by all in *Mahābhārata*, 49. Benares, 260, 327, 329, 330, 334. Benevolence, in Mahāyāna Buddhism, 113. Bengal, 274. Bengālī literature, 271, 296, 297, 303, 306, 310, 356, 378, 382, 389. Beni, 323, 381. Bernier, 291. Bhadra Ā., 193. Bhadrabāhu, a Jain leader, 75; author of canonical books and *niryuktis*, 76, 400. *Bhadracharyā*, 396. *Bhagavadgītā*, the Lord's Song, a Vaishnava episode in the *Mahābhārata*, 86-92, 97, 366, 373; central significance, 86, 97; creates the first Hindu theism, 87; brings release within reach of all Vaiṣṇavas, 97; i.e.
c14.9.2
to all men and women of the four castes, 87; three paths to release, 88; theology of the Gītā, 89; its bhakti, 220, 243; secret of its power, 90 f.; upholds the dharma, 89; originally heterodox, 91; now orthodox, 128; theories of its origin, 50, 91, 366; date, 78, 86, 366. Is there Christian influence in it? 92; held to be revelation of second grade (smṛti), 173; forms part of the Canon of the Vedānta, 173; influence of the Gītā, 114, 128, 144, 145, 153; commentaries, 171, 241, 242. Bhagavadviṣayam, 380. Bhagavān, Blessed Lord, 87. Bhāgavata (from Bhagavān), a devotee of the Lord. Used of Śaivas, 82 n. 1; used of Vaiṣṇavas generally, 142; used of a special group of Vaiṣṇavas, see Bhāgavatas; used of a singer-preacher in South India, 302. Bhāgavata-bhāṣya, by Viṣṇusvāmī, 238, 305, 375. Bhāgavata-bhāvārtha-dīpikā, 297, 374. Bhāgavata-laghu-ṭīkā, 375. Bhāgavata Māhātmya, 232, 372. Bhāgavata P., 139, 372; characteristics, 229 f.; deals with Kṛṣṇa’s youth, 229; a late work, 178; erroneously attributed to Vopadeva, 231, 269, 359; the latest of the Purāṇas, 231; date, 232; place of origin, 232; its bhakti, 220, 229, 242; its eroticism, 230; the love of the gopīs a symbol of spiritual devotion, 230; sprang from the Bhāgavata community, and is their chief scripture, 229, 233; its immense influence, 220, 235, 269, 301, 302, 308, 345; tends towards Braj translations, 317; Kanarese translations, 300; an anthology of its utterances on bhakti, 302.
c14.9.3
Bhāgavatas, Smārta Vaiṣṇavas, who hold the equality of Viṣṇu and Śiva, 142, 175, 181, 233, 298, 301; their unstable position between Smārtas and sectarians, 298; their mantra, 143, 179, 186, 235, 298; their sectmark, 298; Sampradāya, 327; their Upanishad, 143, 181; their literature, 142 f., 179, 181, 233, 297, 373; the Bhāgavata P. their chief scripture, 233, 374; they are followers of Śaṅkara, 175, 181; they acknowledge the five gods, 181; many are temple-ministrants, 181, 233; hold the Samuchchhaya doctrine, 221; their temples, 298; their monasteries, 297 f.; a bhāṣya on the Vedānta-sūtras which claims to be a Bhāgavata work, 297 f. Bhāgavata S., 181, 236 n. 1. Bhāgavata Sampradāya, 327. Bhāgavata-tātparya-nirṇaya, 236, 375. Bhāgavata temples, 233. Bhāgavatī, one of the Jain Aṅgas, 399. Bhagavat-śāstra, 142. Bhai Gur Dās, 338, 382. Bhai Gur Dās Kī Wār, 338, 382. Bhai Maṇi Siṅgh, 339. Bhairava Tantras, 265. Bhairava-yāmala T., 388. Bhaishajyarāja, 158. Bhakta Līlāmṛta, 374. Bhakta-mālā, 234, 239, 299, 317. Bhaktāmara-stotra, 205, 214, 401. Bhaktaparijñā, 400. Bhakta Vijaya, 374. Bhakti, 220; in Śvetāśvatara U., 59; in the Gītā, 88; in Bhāgavata P., 229; in Rāmānuja, 230; in Bhāgavata Māhātmya, 232; in the Vīra Śaiva system, 261 n. 3, 264. Bhakti-mārga, the way to release by devotion, 88. Bhaktirasāyana, 384. Bhaktiratnākara, 377. Bhaktiratnāmṛtasindhu, 376. Bhaktiratnāvalī, 302, 375. Bhakti school of the Śākta sect, 269, 359. Bhālaṇ, 356. Bhāmatī, 176, 222, 368.
c14.9.4
Bhandarkar, Sir R. G., his theory of Vāsudeva, 50. Bhānu Dās, 374. Bharadvāja, 8. Bhāradvāja, a title of Uddyotakara. Bhāradvāja Gṛihya sūtra, 365. Bhāradvāja Śrauta sūtra, 365. Bhārata Chandra Rai, 356. Bharatharī-vairāgya, 378. Bhāratī, one of the ten orders of Śaṅkara’s sannyāsīs, 174, 304, 307. Bhāratītīrtha, 286, 368. Bhāratī Yati, 369.
c14.10
*Bhārgava Upapurāṇa*, 372. *Bhāsa*, 144. *Bhā-sarvajña*, 370. *Bhāshā-parichchheda*, 370. *Bhāskara*, said to have been Nimbārka’s original name, 239 n. 6. *Bhāskara*, 386. *Bhāskara-bhāshya*, see *Bhāskarāchārya*. *Bhāskarāchārya*, author of a *bhedābheda bhāshya* on the *Vedānta-sūtras*, 221, 239 n. 6, 368; attacks *Śaṅkara* and the *Pāñcharātras*, 220 f. *Bhāskarānandanātha*, initiate name of *Bhāskararāya*, 358. *Bhāskararāya*, a Right-hand *Śākta* scholar, 192, 358, 389; seemingly a *Nātha*, 192; lived at Tanjore, 192. *Bhasmajābāla U.*, 364. *Bhaṭṭa*, i.e. *Kumārila*, 168. *Bhaṭṭa Bhāskara Miśra*, 226. *Bhaṭṭa Dinakara*, 367. *Bhaṭṭa Dinakara*, 367. *Bhaṭṭa Dīpikā*, 286, 367. *Bhaṭṭa Nilakaṇṭha*, 359, 389. *Bhava*, 149. *Bhavadevamiśra*, 368. *Bhāvā Gaṇeśa Dīkshita*, 369. *Bhāvanā U.*, 266, 358, 364, 389. *Bhāvārtha Rāmāyaṇa*, 374. *Bhāvaviveka*, 371, 397. *Bhavishya P.*, 139, 372; referred to in *Āpastamba Dharmasūtra*, 136; its *Brāhma Parvan* contains Saura material, 140, 152, 390. *Bhayahara-stotra*, 214, 400. *Bhedābheda*, dualistic monism, a form of the *Vedānta*, 128, 221, 233, 255, 287, 326 n. 2, 332, 351 n. 4. *Bhelsari*, 345. *Bhikshu*, 52. *Bhikshuka U.*, 364. *Bhilmal*, 280. *Bhīma Chandra Kavi*, 353, 387. *Bhoja*, king of Dhara, 223, 279, 369. *Bhojaka* = *Maga*, q.v. *Bhūmi*, t. t. in *Mahāyāna* Buddhism; there were 10 *bhūmis*, or stages in the *Bodhisattva* career, 113, 115, 160. *Bhusundi Rāmāyaṇa*, 250, 329, 381. *Bhūtadāmara T.*, 272, 388, 398. *Bhūtāni*, the elements of the visible world, 98. *Bhūtapuri Māhātmya*, 246. *Bhutattu*, 188. *Bhūtavalya*, 121. *Bhūti*, one of the two aspects of the *Śakti* of Vishnu, 184, 185. *Bhuvaneśvarī T.*, 268. *Bibliolatry*, 341, 342, 346. *Bihārī Lāl Chaube*, 379. *Bihārinī Dās*, 378. *Bija*, 201. *Bijak*, 333, 337. *Bijjala*, 260. *Bilva*, bael, 294. *Bilvamaṅgala*, 304, 375. *Binay Pattrikā*, 381. *Bindu*, 201. *Bindusāra*, a Maurya emperor, 75. *Birbal*, 296. *Birbhan*, 334; his *Adi Upadeśa*, 344; Christian influence recognizable, 344. *Bird-worship*, 43. *Bīr Singh*, 340. *Black Yajus*, origin of the name, 26; *Saṃhitās* and *Brāhmaṇas* of, 27; *Āraṇyaka* of, 30; *Upanishads* of, 54, 58, 79; *Sūtras* of, 81, 141; the *Śatarudrīya*, 383. *Blood Chapter* of *Kālikā P.*, 354. *Blood-sacrifice*, 354. *Bodhāyana*, author of a *Viśishṭādvaita* *vṛtti* on the *Vedānta-sūtras*, 171, 242. *Bodhi*, the wisdom of the Buddhas, 160. *Bodhicharyāvatāra*, 208, 397. *Bodhisattva*, one whose nature is wisdom, destined to become a Buddha, 105, 112, 160, 208; advanced *Bodhisattvas* conceived like divinities, declining *nirvāṇa*, 113; great *Bodhisattvas*, 158; married celestial *Bodhisattvas*, 210; the *Bodhisattva* life in the *Mahāyāna*, 113; advanced conceptions, 209; the ten *bhūmis*, or stages, in the career, 113, 115, 160. *Bodhisattvabhūmi*, *Vijñānavādin* work on the *bhūmis*, 160, 395, 396. *Bodhisattvayogāchāra* *Chatuḥśataka*, 396. *Bodhivamsa*, 392. *Bodies of the Buddha*, 159, 273. *Boons*, asked at the Vedic sacrifices, 15. *Brahmā*, the Creator, 41, 49, 208; in second stage of the Epics, 83; in the third stage, 92, 98; in the doctrine of *Vyūha*, 98, 185; the *Brahmā* sect and its literature, 148, 387; in the *Trimūrti*, 148 f.; his decline, 179. *Brahmabindu U.*, 95, 364.
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Brahmachārī, the celibate student; his place in the Āśramas, 81. *Brahmāmṛita-varshiṇī*, 368. Brahman, (1) religious truth, 25; (2) name of the Absolute, 32, 51; the God of the Vedānta, 126; relation to the world, 56, 127; inactive, 127; identified with Vishṇu, 86, 97. Brahmānand, 378. Brāhmaṇas, the word, 25; rise of the Brāhmaṇas, 25 ff.; list, 27, 28; their character, 27; their religion, 30 ff.; philosophy in, 32, 51, 363. Brahman-Atman, 51; philosophy of, 52; spread slowly at first, 60. *Brahmāṇḍa P.*, 139, 372, 389; its royal genealogies, 34; duties, 40; 137; Malayalim Tr., 347, 384; contains Śākta material, 357. *Brahma P.*, 139, 371; contains a Saura section, 226, 270, 389. Brāhmans, 20, 21, 36; education of, 31; in transmigration, 34; in Epic become warriors, 49; their share in creating the Upanishad philosophy, 53. *Brahma S.*, 308, 376. Brahmā Sampradāya, 327. *Brahma-sūtra-anubhāshya* of Vallabha, 377. *Brahma-sūtra-bhāshya*, 222, 287, 368. *Brahma-sūtras*, the fundamental document of the Vedānta, 126; written by Bādarāyaṇa, 126; a forerunner of this work, 179. *Brahma U.*, 95, 364. *Brahmavaivarta P.*, 139, 179, 372; the Kṛishṇa section is probably a Nimbarkite interpolation, 240, 271, 376. *Brahmavidyābharaṇa*, 251, 286, 368. *Brahmavidyā U.*, 95, 364. *Brahma-yāmala T.*, 265. Braj, the district of Mathurā and Brindāban, 316; the dialect of the district, 316. Braj Bāsī Das, 317, 377. *Braj-bhakti-vilāsa*, 310. Braj literature, 297, 377, 379. *Braj vilāsa*, 317, 377. Branding, i.e. of the symbols of Vishṇu on the body, 186, 246, 321. *Bṛihadāraṇyaka*, 30, 363. *Bṛihadāraṇyaka U.*, 54, 55, 364. *Bṛihad Brahma S.*, 183, 246. *Bṛihajjābāla U.*, 364. *Bṛihaspati Smṛiti*, 180, 366.
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*Bṛihatī* of Prabhākara, 168, 367. *Bṛihatkalpa*, 400. *Bṛihat S.*, 236 n. 1, 390. Brindāban, 305, 308, 309, 310. Buddha, the, 55; life, 62; teaching, 63 ff.; his doctrine of the soul, of transmigration and of release, 65; avoidance of metaphysical questions, 65; biographical material, 70; his supposed previous births, 70; reverence for the Buddha, 71; he becomes a semi-divine being, 78, 155; almost becomes an eternal god, 78, 114; Buddha-images, 110, 111. *Buddhacharita*, 115, 394. Buddhaghosha, 154, 393. *Buddhālaṃkāra*, 394. Buddhas, many, 110; become almost like gods, 112; their omniscience and perfections, 113; the previous, 70, 110. *Buddhavaṃsa*, 70 n., 391. *Buddhāvatamsaka-sūtra*, 158, 160. Buddh-Gayā, 62. Buddhi, t. t. of Sāṅkhya system, 130. Buddhism, rise of, 62; earliest teaching, 63 ff.; spreads to Persia, Turkestan and China, 79, 103; Hīnayāna and Mahāyāna, 110, 112, 206; the Triratna, 271; killed by Islam, 271; literature, 272, 390. Buddhist art, 110, 111. Buddhist bhakti, 110-111, 112. Buddhist Canon, 64, 65-6; the Canon as found in Ceylon, 68; in Pāli, 68; reduced to writing in first cent. B. C., 68; the Sanskrit canons, 106, 107, 109. Buddhist Councils, 65, 66, 67, 72, 108. Buddhist devotion, see Buddhist bhakti. Buddhist laity, 71. Buddhist logic, 178, 225. Buddhist monks, 67, 69, 71, 113; in Mahāyāna, become priests, 113. Buddhist nuns, 67, 69, 71. Buddhist pantheism, 274, 279. Buddhist Patriarch, moves to China, 162. Buddhist Śākta system, origin, 209 f.; exposition, 210; cult, 210; literature, 211 ff., 272, 397; aim of the system, 211; its theistic or pantheistic theology, 273; its doctrine that every Buddha and every Bodhisattva has a wife, 274; many Śākta monks and nuns absorbed by the Chaitanya sect, 311.
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Buddhist Sanskrit, 105, 107, 110, 394. Buddhist stūpas, 110. Buddhist symbols, 72, 110. Buddhist tantras, 210, 266, 272. Buddhist theism, 273 f., 279. Buddhist worship, 71, 110; in Mahāyāna, 113. Burial, 263. Burma, 103, 275, 390.
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Cambodia, 168, 207, 390. Caste, 5, 17, 31; the four chief castes, 21; sub-castes and mixed castes, 31; education of three highest castes, 31; influence of in law and life, 40; in the Epics, 49. Celtic people, 1. Central Asia, 103. Ceylon, 153; extra-canonical Buddhist lit., written in Ceylon, 154 f., 275. Ceylonese Canon, see Buddhist Canon. Chaitanya, founder of the Chaitanya sect, 307 ff.; won by a Mādhva sannyāsī, 303, 307; accepts Rādhā, 307; his preaching and singing, 307; his converts, 307, 308; his journeys, 307; his death, 308; his influence, 303, 304, 305; his powers and personality, 308; his reading, 308; influence of his death in Bengal, 309; mentioned in Viśvasāra T., 354. Chaitanya Bhāgavata, 310, 377. Chaitanyachandrodaya, 310, 377. Chaitanyacharita, 376. Chaitanya-charitāmṛita, 310, 377. Chaitanyamaṅgal, 377. Chaitanya sect, accepts Rādhā, 307; its philosophic position Bhedābheda, 308; hymns and Gaur Chandrikā, 308; the six Gosvāmīs at Brindāban, 309 f.; literature, 309 ff., 375; the temples at Brindāban, 310; modifications of caste, 311; Gosvāmīs, 311; the Vairāgīs and Vairāginīs, 311; many Buddhist monks and nuns absorbed, 309, 311; their impurity, 311; temples and images, 312; Chaitanya, Advaita, and Nityānanda worshipped, 312; saṅkīrtan and nagarkīrtan, 307; saṅkīrtan in the temples, 312; in houses, 312; influence of the sect, 318. Chaitya, a Buddhist hall, 71, 72; becomes a temple, 113. Chakra, circle, (1) a Śākta circle for worship, 203, 355; (2) a supposed centre of occult force in the body, 186, 195, 201, 210, 213, 269. Chakradhar, 248. Chakradhar Charit, 380. Chakra-pūjā, circle-worship, of the Śāktas, 203, 204, 210, 315, 355. Chalukyas, 215. Chāmarasa, 353, 387. Chamārs, Outcaste workers in leather, 343. Champakaśreṣṭhikathānaka, 401. Champū, 353. Chāmuṇḍā, one of the names of the goddess, 203. Chāmuṇḍarāya, 282, 404. Chāmuṇḍarāya P., 282, 404. Chāṇakya, 43. Chaṇḍamahāroṣaṇa T., 272, 272 n. 3, 398. Chaṇḍa-māruta, 379. Chaṇḍa-māruta Mahāchārya, 380. Chaṇḍaviyyaya, 400. Chaṇḍī, a name of the goddess, 150; used also as = Chaṇḍī-māhātmya, 356. Chaṇḍī, a Bengālī epic, 257, 356. Chaṇḍī Dās, 273, 305, 307, 308, 356, 378. Chaṇḍikā, 354. Chaṇḍī-māhātmya, a section of the Mārkaṇḍeya P.; basis of Śākta sect, 150 f., 388; Gobind Singh had it translated, 339; other Trs., 356, 357; use of the passage as a liturgy, 357. Chaṇḍī-maṅgal, 390. Chaṇḍī-śataka, 150, 200, 388. Chandragomin, 209, 398, 399. Chandragupta, 43, 49, 66; said to have been a Jain, 75. Chandrahāsa A., 193. Chandrajñāna A., 193. Chandrakalā T., 268. Chandrakīrti, 208, 209, 397. Chandraprajñapti, 166, 219, 400, 403. Chandrasūri, 402. Chandrikā, 375. Chāṅgdeva Charitra, 380. Chāṅgdeva Pāsashti, 374. Channa Basava P., 353, 387. Channa Sadāśiva Yogīśvara, 387. Channa Vṛiṣabhendra Svāmī, 387. Charaka, 95. Charaṇa, a Vedic school, 294. Charaṇānuyoga, fourth section of Digambara Secondary Canon, 219. Charan Dās, 334, 344, 383.
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Charan Dāsīs, 334, 344, 382; Hindu influence in the sect, 345. Chārāyaṇīya-Kāṭhaka Dharma-sūtra, 141. Charitas, 278. Chariyāpiṭaka, a book of previous lines of the Buddha, 70, 392. Chārvākas, 371. Charyācharya-viniśchaya, 398. Charyā-pāda, one division of the contents of the Saṃhitās, Āgamas, Tantras, 184. Chatterji, J. C., 291; his Kashmir Shaivism, 302. Chattisgarh, 343. Chatuḥśaraṇa, 400. Chaturvargachintāmaṇi, 226, 373. Chaturviṃśatijinastuti, 400, 402. Chatuḥślokī Bhāgwat, 374. Chaurāsī Bārtā, 317, 377. Chaurāsī Pada, 318, 377. Chāvuṇḍarāya P., 404. Chhandas, 42. Chhāndogya Brāhmaṇa, 27, 28, 363. Chhāndogya U., 54, 55, 364. Chhedasūtras of Jain Canon, 400. Chidambaram, 257. Chidānanda, 303, 375. Child-marriage, 263. China, 103, 118, 153 f., 207, 275, 391. Chinese Buddhist Canon, 162, 275. Chintya, name of an Āgama, 193. Chitraśikhaṇḍin ṛishis, 98. Chittars = Sittars. Chittore, 306. Chokamela, a Mahār, a Marāṭhī poet, 302. Christianity, in the Gītā, 92; in the didactic Epic, 99. Chronicles of Ceylon, found in Dīpavaṃsa and Mahavaṃsa, 72. Chūḍāmaṇi, 217, 219, 404. Chūlikā U., 93 ff., 364. Chullavagga, a section of the Buddhist Vinaya, 69, 391. Chundī-devī-dhāraṇī, 399. Churani, 345. Ch’Yao, 118. Civil law, 40. Colebrooke, 364. Conjeeveram, 181, 268, 320, 347. Contests of wit, held at close of sacrifices, 22. Corea, 390. Councils, Buddhist, see Buddhist Councils; Jain, see Jain Councils. Cow-pens, holy, 41.
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Cow-worship, 43. Creation in the Pāñcharātra Saṃhitās, 184 f. Criminal law, 40.
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Dādū, 334, 341, 382; his Bānī, 341, 382; his disciples, 341, 382. Dādū-dvāra, 341. Dādūpanth, 334, 341, 381; literature, 341; rejects Outcastes, 341; ascetics called Dādūpanthīs, laymen Sevaks, 341; five orders of ascetics, 341 f.; restrictions on reading the Bānī, 341; the gurumantra and the śabda, 341; the cult, 342. Dādūpanthīs, the ascetics of the Dādūpanth are so called, 341. Dākārṇava, 399. Ḍākinī-jāla-sambara T., 272, 398. Dakṣiṇāchārī, the right-hand section of the Śākta sect, 268. Dakṣiṇāmūrti U., 364. Dāmodar Dās, 378. Dāmodaramiśra, 381. Dānakalpadruma, 402. Dānakelī-kaumudī, 376. Dancing in worship, 312. Daṇḍi, a Brāhman sannyāsī who carries a daṇḍa, a bamboo rod of a symbolical and ceremonial character, 174 n. 1. Dārā Shikoḥ, 285, 287, 344, 364. Darbesh, 312. Darśana, 124. Darśana U., 364. Darśan Prakāś, 380. Dāsa, slave, 5. Daśabhūmaka, a chap. in the Mahāvastu, 110, 115, 396. Daśabhūmaka-sūtra, 160, 161, 275, 396. Daśabhūmīśvara, 275, 396. Daśabodha, 301, 374. Daśapadārtha, 177. Dāsas, 4, 5. Daśasāhasrika Prajñāpāramitā sūtra, 115. Daśaślokī, 240, 376. Daśaślokī-bhāshya, 376. Daśāśrutaskandha, 400. Daśavaikālika-sūtra, 215, 399. Daśnāmīs, sannyāsīs of ten orders, 174. Daśyus, 4. Dāṭhāvaṃsa, 393. Dattātreya, 183, 190, 247; usually represented as a sannyāsī with three heads, 248; the Manbhaus do not recognize this figure, but call Dattā- treya an incarnation of Kṛṣṇa, 248. Dattātreya S., 183, 249, 380. Dattātreya Sampradāya, 248, 327. Dattātreya sect, 190; literature, 190. Dattātreya U., 249, 364, 380. Davva Saṃgaha, 404. Dayā Bāī, 383. Dayārām, 317, 378. Death, repeated death in the other world, 32, 35, 52. Dehu, 301. Devabhadra, 278, 279, 401. Devācārya, 375. Devadāsīs, women of bad repute who sing and dance in the temple-cult, 322. Devāgamastotra, 216, 403. Devakī, mother of Kṛṣṇa, 100. Devārām, Canon of the hymns of the Tamil Śaiva poets called The Three, 256; set to Dravidian music, 256; sung in the temples, 256. Devarddhi, 163; works, 164, 401. Devaśarman, 394. Devasūri, 225. Devatādhyāya Brāhmaṇa, 363. Devendragani, 278. Devendrastava, 400. Devendrasūri, 281, 402. Devī, goddess; the goddess of the Śākta sect, 150; symbols used in her worship, 293 n. 2; sometimes represented by a snake coiled round the liṅga, 294 n. 1. Devī Bhāgavata Upapurāṇa, a Śākta work, 226, 269, 359, 373, 389; date, 269. Devī-māhātmya, an episode in Mārkaṇḍeya P., 150; see Caṇḍī-Māhātmya. Devī U., 267, 364. Devī-yāmala T., 265. Dhamma, Pāli for dharma, 40. Dhammachakkappavattana Sutta, 70 n. Dhammakitti, 393. Dhammapada, a book of Buddhist verse, 71, 392; comm. ascribed to Buddhaghosha, 393. Dhammapāla, 155. Dhamma-saṅgaṇi, 393. Dhanapāla, 278, 279, 401. Dhanī Dharm Dās, 382. Dhanna, 328. Dhanyakumāracharitra, 405. Dhanyaśalicharitra, 402. Dhārā, 283.
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Dhāraṇī, a Buddhist word for spell, equivalent to the Hindu mantra, 158, 160, 212; how to use a dhāraṇī, 212. Dharma, definition of, 38, 39 f.; beginnings of, 27; expounded in Karma Mīmāṃsā, 125; name of a god, 41, 49, 100 n. 6. Dharma, worshipped in Bengal, 271; literature of the cult, 271. Dharma Dās, 335. Dharmagupta school of Hīnayāna Buddhism, 156, 395; their Abhinishkramaṇa-sūtra, 156, 395; translated into Chinese and Tibetan, 207; their Vinaya in Sanskrit, 156; in Chinese, 156. Dharmakāya, one of the bodies of a Buddha, 159. Dharmakīrti, 398. Dharma-maṅgal poems, 271 f. Dharmāmṛita, 283, 405. Dharmapada, Sansk. for Dhammapada; in Chinese, 155. Dharmas, the Nine, of Nepal, 275. Dharmasāgara, 360, 403. Dharma-śastras, 40. Dharma-sūtras, 38 ff., 365; date, 38; contents, 39 f.; modification of, 80. Dhātu-kathā, 393. Dhruva Dās, 378. Dhyāna, meditation; contemplative power, 274. Dhyānabindu U., 95, 364. Dhyāni-Bodhisattva, 273, 274. Dhyāni-Buddha, 273, 274. Diagrams, representing divinities, 293. Dialogues, 22. Didactic Epic, 85 ff., 92; arose in N.E. India, 85; compass, 85; contents, 86 ff., 95. Digambara, a Jain sect, 75, 119, 162, 259; Digambaras and the original Canon, 76, 120, 121, 218, 360; Digambara Secondary Canon, 218, 282; Digambara literature, 120, 165 f., 215, 281, 360; the Digambara categories, 360. Dīgha Nikāya, first division of the Buddhist Sutta Piṭaka, 70, 71, 391, 393. Dignāga, a Buddhist logician, 135. Dik, t. t. of Vaiśeshika system, 133. Dīkshā, initiation, 167, 204; among Vīra Śaivas, 282; among Śāktas, 358. Dīn Ilāhī, 291. Dioskouroi, 2.
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Dipaṅkara, 273. Dipavaṃsa, 155, 393. Dīpta Ā., 193. Dīrghāgama, Sansk. for Dīghanikāya, 109; in Chinese, 155. Dīrghatamas, 9. Divine incarnation, first among Vaishnavas, 84 f.; later among Śaivas, 147. Divyāvadāna, 108, 395. Dnyāndev, 234; vernacular for Jñānadeva, q. v. Dnyānobā, 234, 302; vernacular for Jñāneśvara, q. v. Domestic ceremonies, 23. Drāhyāyaṇa Śrauta Sūtra, 365. Drāmiḍa, author of a Viśiṣṭādvaita Bhāshya on the Vedānta-sūtras, 171. Draupadī, 49, 100 n. 6. Drāviḍa Bhāshya, 351, 386. Drāviḍa land, i. e. the Tamil country, 232, 246. Drāviḍa Veda, 379. Dravidian music, 241. Dravya, t. t. of Vaiśeshika system, 133. Dravyānuyoga, third section of Digambara Secondary Canon, 219. Dravyasaṃgraha, 282, 404. Dṛiṣṭivāda, a lost Jain book, 400. Duhlā Rām, 345. Dukha, 64. Dukhānta, t. t. of Pāśupata system, 251. Dūlan Dās, 343, 382. Durgā, a goddess, celebrated in the Epic, 149: called the sister of Kṛiṣhṇa, 149; called Umā, the wife of Śiva, 150: see Umā; also called Chaṇḍī, 150: see Śākta sect; one of the five gods, 179. Durgāśatanāma Stotra, 354. Durgati-pariśodhana-dhāraṇī, 399. Dūrvāsasa T., 268. Dvādaśānuprekshā, 403. Dvaita, dualism, a form of the Vedānta, 128, 287. Dvaitādvaita-siddhānta-setuka, 376. Dvārikā, Dwārkā, in Kathiawar, 100, 302. Dwarf, Vāmana, 84 n. 2; one of Vishnu's incarnations, 85 n. 1. Dyaṇuka, t. t. of Vaiśeshika system, 133.
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Earthenware pots, representing divinities, 293. Education, the beginnings were priestly, 8, 18, 27; at first oral, 8, 18, 25; then literary, 19; education of the three castes, 31. Ego: Buddhism teaches that all things are lacking in an ego, 64. Ekadaṇḍīs, Śaṅkara's Daṇḍīs (174 n. 1) are so called in contrast with Śrī-Vaishṇava Sannyāsīs, who carry a triple rod, 243 n. 1. Ekākshara U., 364. Ekāṅgas, Śrī-Vaishṇava ascetics who are not Brāhmans. Ekāntada Rāmayya, 260. Ekliṅgjī, 146. Eknāth, a Marāṭhī poet, 250, 300, 302, 322, 374. Eknāthī Bhāgwat, 374. Ekorāma, one of the five original Liṅgāyat ascetics, 260. Ekottarāgama, Sansk. for Aṅguttaranikāya, 109; in Chinese, 155. Elephanta, 149 n. 8. Epics, 44 ff.; 83 ff. Eroticism, 203, 204, 210. Eschatology, 15, 23, 33 ff., 41, 44, 48. Eternity of sound, 290 n. 2. Etherealized body, a result of austerities, 59. Etymology, 42. Excommunication, 40.
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Fa Hien, 154. Family, patriarchal, 1. Fana, 331. Fathers = Ancestors, 23. Fire-cult, 41, 43. Fish, one of Vishnu's incarnations, 85 n. 1. Five Buddhas, 273. Five gods, worshipped by Smārtas, 179, 293; rise of the custom, 179 f.; time, 206; significance, 180; author, 176, 179; worship of, 178, 179. Five MS., i. e. madya (wine), māṃsa (meat), matsya (fish), mudrā (parched grain), maithuna (coition), 210, 355. Former Buddhas, see Previous Buddhas. Four Noble Truths, the, of Buddhism, 63. Four Sampradāyas, 327. Fourteen Siddhānta Śāstras, 258. Full Liṅgāyats, 262. Full Moon sacrifice, 22. Funeral ceremonies, 16, 39, 40.
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Gaṇadveśadīpikā, 376. Gaṇapati = Gaṇeśa Gaṇapati-tāpanīya U., 189, 206.
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E e Gaṇapati U., 206, 364, 390. Gāṇapatya, the sect which worships Gaṇapati or Gaṇeśa, 206; the subsects, 270; their Trimūrti, 149; their literature, 206, 270, 390; their theology, 206; their sect-mark, 270; their mantra, 270; their worship, 270. Gānas, 19. Gaṇḍavyūha, 158, 275, 396. Gandhahastimahābhāshya, 216, 219, 403. Gandharan art, 111. Gaṇeśa, the centre of the Gāṇapatya sect, 149, 206; one of the five gods, 179, 206, 301; symbols used in his worship, 293 n. 2. Gaṇeśa-Khaṇḍa of Brahmavaivarta P., 271. Gaṇeśa S., 183, 206. Gaṇeśa Upapurāṇa, 226, 270, 390. Gaṇeśa-yāmala T., 265. Gaṅgā, 47. Gaṅgādhara, 270, 390. Ganges, 16, 47; Ganges water used in worship, 294. Gaṅgeśa, 224, 370, 370 n. 1. Gaṇināth, 235. Gaṇitavidyā, 400. Garbās, songs in praise of the Devī, 356. Garbha U., 364. Gārgya, 146. Garib Dās, 334, 345; his Guru Granth Sahib, 345. Garib Dāsīs, 334, 345; only the twice-born received as ascetics, 345. Garuḍa, 48. Garuḍa P., 139, 178, 372; a Smārta manual, 178 f., 206, 372; contains a passage on Sūrya, 206; a passage on Gaṇeśa, 206, 390. Garuḍa U., 364. Gāthāsahasrī, 403. Gāthāsaṅgraha, 398. Gauḍapāda, author of Sāṅkhya-kārikā-bhāshya, 176, 369. Gauḍapāda, the advaita Vedantist, 170 f., 364. Gauḍī, 205. Gaurāṅgāshṭaka, 376. Gaur Chandra, 308. Gaur Chandrikā, 308, 312. Gautama Dharma-sūtra, 80, 365. Gautama, the Buddha, 55, 62, 273, 274; see the Buddha. Gautamīya S., 240, 305, 376.
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Gāyatrī, 151, 390. Gāyatrī-bhāshya, 378. Ghaṭa, pot, used in Sākta worship, 202. Ghāzī Dās, 343. Gheraṇḍa S., 348, 384. Ghuman, 299. Giri, name of one of the ten orders of Śaṅkara’s sannyāsīs, 174. Giridhar, 322. Giridharajī, 316, 317, 377. Giridhar Kabraya, 382. Gītā, i.e. Bhagavadgītā, q. v. Gītābalī, 381. Gītā-bhāshya of Madhva, 242, 375; of Rāmānuja, 379; of Vishṇusvāmī, 375. Gītā Govinda, 238, 378. Gītārtha-saṅgraha, 241. Gobhila Gṛihya Sūtra, 365. Gobind Siṅgh, the last Sikh guru, 338, 382; creates the Khālsā, 339, 340; his Granth, 339; his Jap Saheb, 339 n. 4. God, in early Upanishads, 55 f.; in verse Upanishads, 58. Gods, of Rik, 10 ff.; position of Vedic gods weakening, 21, 32. Gokul, 100. Gokulnāth, 317, 377. Golden Temple at Amritsar, the central Sikh shrine, 337; the worship, 340 f. Goloka, cow-place; the highest heaven, the heaven of Kṛishṇa, acc. to Nimbārka, 240. Gommatasāra, 282, 405. Gommateśvara, 282. Gondhal, a dance in honour of the goddess, 356. Gopāla, an epithet of Kṛishṇa, 50. Gopāla Bhaṭṭa, 309. Gopāla-sahasranāma, 239, 375. Gopāla-tāpanīya U., 189, 237, 239, 364, 375. Gopatha Brāhmaṇa, 42, 363, 364, 365. Gopīchandana, a white clay used for making the sect-mark of the Bhāgavatas, 234, 298. Gopīchandana U., 234, 364, 373. Gopīs, milkmaids, of Brindāban, companions of Kṛishṇa in dance, song, and sport, 229, 230, 314. Gorakhnāth (Gorakshanātha), 223, 235, 384; a Yogī, founder of the Kānphaṭa Yogīs, 253; date, 254; believed still to live in the Himalayas, 348; worshipped in many temples in N. India, 253; his Sanskrit works, 254; his Yoga, 223, 253 f.; worshipped in Gorakhnāthī temples, 347; in the temple of Gorakhpur a shrine to his memory, 347.
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Gorakhnāthīs (Gorakṣanāthīs), a sect of Pāśupata Śaivas, 190, 384; probably derived from the Nāthas, 192; closely allied to the Kāpālikas, 253; date of foundation, 253; their temples, 347; Gorakhnāth worshipped and animals sacrificed, 347; Kānphaṭa Yogīs, 348; their mantra, 348; their literature, 254, 348; their lack of interest in yoga, 348.
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Goraksha, a name of Śiva, 253; also Sanskrit name of Gorakhnāth, 254.
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*Goraksha-gītā*, 384.
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*Goraksha-kalpa*, 384.
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*Goraksha-kaumudī*, 384.
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*Goraksha-paddhati*, 384.
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*Goraksha-pañchaya*, 384.
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*Goraksha-sahasranāma*, 384.
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*Goraksha-śataka*, 254, 348, 384.
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Gosvāmī, 309, 311.
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Gosvāmī Śrī Purushottamajī, 316.
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Gotama, 9 n.
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Govardhana, name of a hill in Braj; name of a *maṭha*, monastery, in Purī, founded by Śaṅkara, 174, 297.
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*Govinda-bhāshya*, 287, 311, 377.
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Govinda Dās, 311, 376.
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Govindānanda Sarasvatī, 369 n. 1.
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*Graha-yāmala T.*, 265.
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*Grāmageyagāna*, 19.
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Grammar, 42; schools of, 80.
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*Granth* or *Granth Sahib*, the sacred book of the Sikhs, 299, 300, 338; called also the *Ādi Granth*, 339, 382; contents, 338; compiled y Guru Arjan, 337; uses, 338. Gobind Singh bids the Sikhs take the Granth for their guru, 339; the worship of the Granth is part of the Sikh cult, 340, 341.
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*Granth of the Tenth Guru*, 339, 382; used for worldly ends, 339.
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Greeks, 78.
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Gṛihastha, householder, q. v.
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*Gṛihya-sūtras*, 38 f., 365; date, 38; contents, 39, 140.
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Gṛitsamada, 8.
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Gujarātī literature, 297, 306, 317, 319, 356, 360, 378, 390.
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Guṇa, (1) t. t. of Sāṅkhya system, 185; (2) of Vaiśeshika, 134; (3) of the theology of the Śakti of Vishnu, 184.
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Guṇabhadra, 217, 404.
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Guṇa-body, 185.
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Guṇachandra, 278, 401.
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*Guṇakāraṇḍavyūha*, 274, 275, 397.
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Guṇaratna, 360, 401.
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Gupta empire, 122, 123, 136.
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Gur Dās, 382.
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Guru, i.e. Prabhākara, 168.
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Guru, religious teacher; held to be God, first among ascetics, then among laymen, 167, 186; among Buddhists, 210; held to be the Buddha, 210; among Vīra Śaivas, 261.
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Gurudeva, 387.
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*Gurudvāras*, 340.
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*Guru Granth Sahib*, 345.
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Gurumukhi, an alphabet invented for Nānak’s hymns, 337.
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*Guruparamparā*, succession of gurus, 298.
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*Gurusthala Jaṅgamas*, 262.
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Guru-worship, 262, 336, 338, 346.
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*Gutkā*, 382.
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*Gyān Prakāś*, 382.
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*Gyān Samudra*, 382.
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Hāla, 165, 215.
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Hallīśa, 144.
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*Hamsa U.*, 95, 364.
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Handal, 340.
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Handalis, 340.
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Hanumān, 48; temples of Hanumān, 321.
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*Hanumān Nāṭaka*, 329, 381.
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Haoma, 3.
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Har Gobind, a Sikh guru, 338.
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Haribhadra, 214, 278, 280, 360, 371, 383, 401.
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*Haribhakti-rasāyana*, a Mādhva work on devotion, 303, 375.
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*Haribhakti-vilāsa*, 309, 376.
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Hari Dās, 378.
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Haridāsīs, 302, 318; Haridāsī literature, 378.
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*Haridrā Gaṇapati*, 270.
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Harihara, 143, 264.
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Hariharānanda Bhāratī, 355.
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Hariharānanda Svāmī, 289.
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*Harikathā*, 302.
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*Harikathāmṛitasāra*, or *Harikathāsāra*, 303, 375.
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*Harilīlā*, an abstract of the *Bhāgavata P.*, 234, 374.
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*Haripāth*, Jñāneśvara’s, 235, 374; Eknāth’s, 300, 374.
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Harishena, 403. *Hārīta S.*, 246. *Harivaṃśa*, a Purāṇa, 139, 371, 372; recognized as last section of the MBH., 100; date, 140, 143; life of Kṛṣṇa appended to royal genealogies, 138; gives much space to Kṛṣṇa legend, 143; contains hymns to Durgā, 140, 387; teaches the equality of Viṣṇu and Śiva, 142, 181; possibly a Bhāgavata P., 143; contents, 143 f.; became attached to the Mahābhārata, 144; contains Śākta material, 150. *Harivaṃśa P.* (Jain), 217, 217 n. 2; 218, 219, 404. Hari Vaṃśa, 318, 378. Harivyāsa Muni, 305, 376. Har Rai, 340. Harsha, 205. *Hatha-saṅketa-chandrikā*, 384. Hatha-yoga, the name of a new Yoga, taught by Gorakhnāth, 253, 348. *Hatha-yoga*, 254, 348, 384. *Hatha-yoga-pradīpikā*, 348, 384. *Hayagrīva U.*, 364. Heavenly gods, 1, 2. Hellenic peoples, 1. Hemachandra, 277, 278, 279 f., 401. Hemādri, 226, 373. Henotheism, 15. Heramba, a name of Gaṇeśa, used by Buddhists as well as Hindus, 270. Heramba-Gaṇapati, 270. Hermits, 29, 31; see Vānaprastha, Vaikhānasa. Heruka, 272. *Heruka T.*, 272, 398. *He-vajra T.*, 272, 398. Himalayas, 103. Hīnayāna Buddhism, 103, 110, 111, 118. Hīnayāna literature, 64, 67-72, 104-10, 118, 154 ff., 161, 207, 393. Hindī literature, 296, 297, 299, 305, 316, 317, 333, 336, 339, 341, 343 ff., 361, 381, 382. Hindu nuns, 129. Hindu people to-day, 292. Hindu philosophies, 122 ff.; the foundation texts, 123; date, 123. Hindu sects, 122. Hinglāj, 348. Hiouen Tsang, 177, 207, 208; just escaped being sacrificed to Durgā, 203. *Hiranyakeśī Dharma Sūtra*, 365. *Hiranyakeśī Gṛihya Sūtra*, 365. *Hiranyakeśī Śrauta Sūtra*, 365. *Hit-chaurāsī-dhām*, 378. Hit-jī, 318. Horse-sacrifice, 14, 22. Hotṛi, 6, 7, 14, 17, 19, 20. Householder, one of the four āśramas, 29, 40, 81. Hrīṃ, 201. Huṃ, 201. Human sacrifice, 203, 354. Hūṃ, 201. Huvishka, a Kushan king, 103. Hymns, of Ṛigveda, see Ṛigveda. Hypnotic trances, in Buddhism, 64, 211. Hypnotism, 61.
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Idolatry renounced, 326, 359. Images, first mention of, 41; later, common, 48; images of divinities in sexual union, 265; images in Smārta worship, 293. Image-worship, 50, 51 n.; unorthodox, 50. Immortality, 1, 15. Incantations, 16, 43. Incarnation, divine, 41, 47; incarnations of Viṣṇu, 84, 85, 87, 99, 100. India, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 15, 47, 49. Indo-European, race, 1; language, 1, 6; religion, 1; culture, 1; literature, 6. Indo-Iranian people, 2; religion, 2, 3. Inheritance, 40. Initiation, 31. *Irupāvirupathu*, 258, 385. Īśa, Lord, 58. *Īśā U.*, 55, 58, 364. Īśvara, Lord, God, 58; t. t. of the Yoga system, 132; t. t. of Nyāya system, 134. *Īśvara Gītā*, 358. Īśvara Kṛiṣṇa, also called Vindhyavāsin, author of the Sāṅkhya-kārikā, 129, 368; his date, 129. *Īśvara-pratyabhijñā-kārikās*, 259. Īśvara Purī, 303, 307. *Īśvara S.*, 183, 246. Īśvar Dās Nāgar, 343. Italic peoples, 1. *Itivuttaka*, 393. I Tsing, 207, 208, 212.
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*Jābāla U.*, 95, 358, 364. *Jābāli U.*, 364. Jadunandana Dās, 311.
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Jagadīśa, 289, 371. Jagannāth, 307. Jagatsundarīyogamālā, 403. Jagjīvan Dās, 343, 382. Jāgmohana, 312. Jahangir, 338. Jaimini, 367. Jaimini Bhārata, 304. Jaimini Gṛhya Sūtra, 365. Jaimini Śrauta Sūtra, 365. Jaiminīya Brāhmaṇa, 27, 28. Jaiminīya-nyāya-mālā-vistara, 285, 367. Jaiminīya-sūtra-bhāshya, 367, 377. Jaiminīya Upanishad Brāhmaṇa, 27, 55. Jain art, 119. Jain asceticism, 74. Jaina, the word, 74. Jaināślokavārtika, 404. Jainavarṇāśrama, 404. Jain bhakti, 120. Jain canon, see Śvetambara Jain Canon. Jain councils, 75. Jainism, 73 ff.; older than Buddhism, 73; the early system, 74; atheism, 74; asceticism, 74; souls in elements, 74; ahiṃsā, 74; the two communities, 75, 119; expansion in north and south, 119; little influenced by Śāktism, 213; Śākta yoga present but not prominent, 213; decline, 359. Jain laity, 74. Jain literary dialects, 162. Jain literature, 75 ff., 119, 120 f., 162, 213, 277, 398; popular literature in Prākṛit, 165; in vernaculars, 228. Jain logic, 178, 213, 225. Jain Māhārāshṭrī, 162. Jain monks, 74, 75, 119. Jain nuns, 74, 119. Jain suicide, 74. Jain theism, 278; a work written against it, 282. Jain Tīrthakaras, 71, 120 n. 1, 216. Jain worship, 75, 120. Jains, in an Asokan edict, 77. Jāmbavān, 48. Jambudvīpaprajñapti, 215, 400. Janamsākhīs, 336. Jaṅgama, 260, 261, 262, 263; two classes of Jaṅgama, 262. Japan, Buddhism carried to Japan, 168, 207, 391. Japji, 336, 338, 341. Jap Saheb, 339 n. 4.
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Jātaka, a book of previous lines of the Buddha, 70, 71, 392, 393; their influence, 108, 110, 113. Jātakamālā, of Āryaśūra, 156, 395. Jātakaṭṭhavaṇṇanā, 393. Jaṭāyus, 48. Java, 168, 391. Jayadeva, 238, 305, 307, 308, 378; his date, 238. Jayadevamīśra, 371. Jayadhavalā, 217, 219, 404; its ṭīkā, 217 n. 2. Jayānanda, 377. Jayanta, 370. Jayaratha, 386. Jayasimha, 279. Jayatihuyaṇastotra, 279, 401. Jayatīrtha, 237, 375. Jayavallabha, 215, 401. Jejākabhukti, 226. Jenghiz Khan, 277. Jetalpur, 318. Jina, 74. Jinachandra, 401. Jinadatta, 280, 402. Jinakathe, 217, 403. Jinakīrti, 360, 402. Jināksharamāle, 404. Jinamandana, 360, 402. Jinasamhitā, 360, 405. Jinasena (a), author of Harivaṃśa P., 217, 404. Jinasena (b), pupil of Vīrasena, author of part of Ādi P. (Jain), 217, 404. Jīva, 309, 377. Jīvābhigama, 400. Jīvaka-Chintāmaṇi, 280, 401, 404. Jīvaviyāra, 401. Jīv Dasā, 378. Jñānachandra, 177, 370. Jñāna Dās, 311, 377. Jñānadeva = Jñāneśvara. Jñānādi-sādhana, 399. Jñānāmṛita, 384. Jñāna-pāda, one of the four divisions of the contents of Āgamas, Saṃhitās, and Tantras, 184. Jñānaprasthānaśāstra, 107, 108, 394. Jñānasāgara, 360, 402. Jñāna-Vasishtham, 296, 373. Jñāneśvara, 234, 239, 248, 253, 298, 299, 374, 384; a true Bhāgavata, 235; a monist, 234, 300. Jñāneśvarī, a Marāṭhī commentary on the Gītā, 234, 248, 296, 374; teaches the advaita system and yoga, 234.
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Jñātadharmakathā, one of the Jain Aṅgas, 399. Jot Prasād, 336. Junāgaḍh, 306. Jyotisvatī T., 268.
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Kabīr, 284, 291, 323, 326, 327, 330, 347, 381; Islam and Hinduism both contributed to Kabīr, 331; influence of Sufīism, 331; Rāmānanda his teacher, 332; banished from Benares, 332; relation of Hindu and Muhammadan elements in his mind, 332; denounces idolatry, 333; condemns divine incarnation and asceticism, 333. Is there Christian influence in his poems? 333; a strict theist, 333; conception of God, 333; character of his poetry, 333; critical research needed to distinguish his genuine poems from later work, 333; the Bījak, 333; poems in the Granth, 333, 338; sects which arose from his influence, 334, 347; common features of these sects, 334. Kabīpanth, 334, 335, 381; monks and nuns, 335; two sub-sects, each under a Mahant, at Benares and at Chattisgarh, 335; many monasteries, 335; cult, 335; special ceremonies, 336; worship of the Mahant, 336; Kabīr called an incarnation of the Supreme, 336; sect-mark, mantra, rosary, 336. Kabittābalī, 381. Kach, 339 n. 1. Kaḍchā, note-book, of Govinda Dās, 376; of Murāri Gupta, 376. Ka-gyur, the first section of the Tibetan Buddhist Canon, also called Kanjur, 267. Kaivadya Dīpikā, 380. Kaivalya, t. t. of Sāṅkhya system, 131, 132. Kaivalya-sāra, 387. Kaivalya U., 103, 364. Kakshivān, 9 n. Kāla, t. t. of Vaiśeshika system, 133; t. t. of Pāñcharātra system, 185. Kālāgnirudra U., 196, 364. Kālajñāna T., 388. Kālakāchārya, 120, 400. Kālakāchāryakathānaka, 401. Kālakshepam, 302. Kālanidhi T., 268. Kālidāsa, 217. Kālighāt, 203 n. 1, 354. Kālikā P. or T., 354, 372, 389.
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Kalisamtaṛaṇa U., 364. Kallata, 386. Kālottara T., 265. Kalpalatā, 360, 403. Kalpas, 146. Kalpasūtra (of the Jains), 163, 360, 400. Kalpa-sūtras, 38, 50, 365. Kalpāvatamsikā, 400. Kalpika, 400. Kalyāṇamandira-stotra, 165, 400. Kāma, the god of love, 41, 47, 49. Kāmāchīamma, 268. Kāmadhenu T., 389. Kāmākhya, a famous Śākta temple in Assam, 354. Kāmarūpa, 354. Kāmika, name of an Āgama, 193, 194, 264. Kamsa, 100, 100 n. 4. Kaṇāda Kāśyapa, 369. Kanaiya, 340. Kanaka Dās, 375. Kānakamuni, one of the previous Buddhas, 72, 273. Kanārak, 269 n. 5, 270. Kanarese Literature, 216, 228, 260, 264, 281, 282, 283, 296, 303, 347, 353, 385. Kāñchī-Appar (xii cent.), 256; (xviii cent.), 347, 385. Kāñchī-purāṇam, 347, 351, 383. Kanda Purāṇam, 256, 385. Kaṅga, 339 n. 1. Kanishka, a Kushan king, 95, 108, 110, 111. Kanjur, see Ka-gyur. Kaṇṇuḍaiya Vaḷḷalār, 351, 386. Kāṇphaṭa Yogīs, followers of Gorakhnāth, 347; their mantra, 348; their ornaments, 348; their worship of Gorakhnāth, 348; their yoga, 348. Kaṇṭhaśruti U., 95, 364. Kaṇva, 8, 10. Kapāla-Kuṇḍalā, a Kāpālika nun, 192. Kapāleśvara, skull-god, an epithet of Śiva, used in Kāpālika sect, 192. Kāpālikas, skull-men, a group or sect of Pāśupata Śaivas, 190, 192, 384; date, 192; probably merely an order of ascetics, 192; their mudrās, 348 n. 3; there were nuns as well as monks, 192, 252; closely allied to left-hand Śāktas, 192, 252; practise Śākta worship, 252; have foul rites of their own, 211, 252; practise Śākta yoga, 192, 252; show eroticism also, 252; the modern Aghorīs are the old Kāpālikas, 347. Kapilavastu, birthplace of the Buddha, 62. Kapishṭhala-Kaṭhas, a school of the Black Yajus, 27. Kapishṭhala-Kaṭha Saṃhitā, 27, 28. Karaṇa, name of an Āgama, 193. Karaṇānuyoga, second section of Digambara Secondary Canon, 219. Kāraṇḍavyūha, 158, 274, 396. Kārikās, 116, 124. Karma, def., 34: see Transmigration and Karma; t. t. of Vaiśeṣhika system, 134; t. t. of Āgamic Śaivism, one element in Pāśa, 195. Karmagranthas, 281, 402. Karma-mārga, the way to release by works, 88. Karma Mīmāṃsā, exegesis of the sacrificial Veda, 37, 125, 220, 367; atheistic, 37, 60, 61, 125; earliest form of, 37; early use, 39, 79; classic form in Jaimini’s Sūtras, 125 ff.; an earlier document, now lost, probably served as model for earliest Brahma-sūtra, 79; is the special system of the orthodox twice-born, 37, 126; its teaching, 44, 125 ff.; does not teach a philosophy, 125; yet metaphysical ideas implied, 125 f.; no doctrine of release in the Sūtras, 126; but it appears in Prabhākara and Kumārila, 169; has no order of ascetics, 126; literature, 125, 135, 168 f., 220, 285; sacrifice decays but the Mīmāṃsā survives, 170; the Samuchchhaya doctrine, 221; prakaraṇa-granthas an offshoot from the Mīmāṃsā, 295. Karma-śataka, 108, 395. Karma-yoga, restraint of works, 88. Karṇāṭaka, the country where Kanarese is spoken, 259. Kārohana, 146. Kartabhajas, 312. Kartha, 339 n. 1. Kārttikeya, 47. Karuṇāpuṇḍarīka, 395. Karwar, 146. Kāśakṛitsna, 128. Kashmir, 103, 108, 193. Kashmir Śaivas, 191, 193, 198, 258, 352, 385; Āgamic Śaivas, 198; followers of Śaṅkara, 175; the school has declined, 352.
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