The Religion and Philosophy of the Veda and Upanishads v1.c8.28

v1.c8.28

² Bloomfield, AJP. xxv. 8; Hall, *Anc. Hist. of Near East*, pp. 201, 331. According to Winckler (OL. xiii. 291 ff.) the Aryan element bore the name *Charri*; the Susian version of Darius’s inscriptions has *Harriya* for Aryan; their followers are named *marianni*, in which may be seen the Vedic *marya*, with suffix *āna*; cf. Leumann, *Zur nordarischen Sprache und Literatur*, pp. 5 ff. The theory is carefully criticized by W. E. Clark, *Am. Journ. Sem. Lang.* xxxiii. 261–82. Since then much evidence has been accumulated, without decisive result. Hrozný (*Keilschrifttexte aus Boghazköi und Völker und Sprachen des alten Chatti-Landes*), agreeing in considerable measure with E. Forrer, *Die acht Sprachen der Boghazköi-Inschriften* (1919), holds that the Chatti were non-Indo-Europeans ruled by persons of quasi-Indo-European origin, speaking a *centum* language, while the *Charri* were also non-European under rulers speaking a *satem* language of Indian, not Iranian type (Jensen, *Indische Zahlwörter in keilschrifthittitischen Texten*, Berlin, 1919). The efforts from the numerals and names to establish Indian rulers, as opposed to Iranian or Aryan, are not convincing, as we simply have no evidence of early Iranian, and the process of restoring the Avesta to its true form, undertaken by Andreas and Wackernagel, is still unfinished. The form Assara Mazāš of Assurbanipal’s record, pointing to a much earlier borrowing, possibly during the Kassite dominion in Babylon, is clearly not Indian, and, while it may be Aryan, it is possible that it is proto-Iranian; cf. Hommel, PSBA. 1899, pp. 127, 138 f.; *Geographie und Geschichte des alten Orients*, p. 204; Moulton, *Early Zoroastrianism*, pp. 423 f.; Konow, JRAS. 1911, pp. 41 ff., argues that the Mitanni names are early Iranian. Cf. CAH. i. 311 f., 469, 553; Forrer, ZDMG. lxxvi. 250 ff.