The Religion and Philosophy of the Veda and Upanishads v2.c42: General Index

The Religion and Philosophy of the Veda and Upanishads v2.c42

Language: English

v2.c42.63 — 3 parts
v2.c42.68 — 4 parts
v2.c42.224 — 4 parts
v2.c42.458 — 4 parts

General Index

v2.c42.4

Aborigines, influence of, 18, 24, 31, 54, 91, 92, 100, n. 5, 130, 149, 206, 238, 415, 476, n. 1, 629-34; relation of, with Vedic Aryans, 9. *See also* Dravidians.

v2.c42.6

Absolute idealism, determinism of, 596; similarity to doctrine of the Upaniṣads, 600.

v2.c42.7

Abstinence from intercourse after death, 420.

v2.c42.8

Abstract deities, 65, 66, 203-19, 361, 369, 400.

v2.c42.11

Achaeans, in Greece, 10, 52, 53, 628, n. 5.

v2.c42.13

Achāvāka, priest, 294, 298, 299, 328, 329, 335.

v2.c42.14

Actions, 554, 556, 557; *see also karman*.

v2.c42.16

Adhvaryu, priest, 16, 17, 159, 252, 253, 254, 294, 295, 298, 311, 315, 319, 320, 325, 328, 336, 349, 353, 430.

v2.c42.17

Aditi, goddess (*Unermesslichkeit*, v. Negelein, *Weltanschauung*, p. 103), 62, 70, 81, 82, 88, 99, 105, 125, 161, 191, 200, 215-17, 244, 248, 341, 342, 360, 411, 438, 620, n. 1.

v2.c42.18

Ādityas, 33, 34, 62, 82, 86, 95, 113, 122, 134, 153, 176, 206, 215, 216, 222, 223, 229, 244, 248, 260, 270, 279, 331, 336, n. 4, 343, 360, 416, 457, 458, 464, 482, 577.

v2.c42.20

Adultery, of wife assumed in Varuṇapraghāsas, 321, 475; regarded as sinful, 585.

v2.c42.21

Aegean religion (*cf. CAH.* ii. 612 ff.), 19, 37, 39, 58, 74, n. 5, 629.

v2.c42.22

Aetiological myths, 125, n. 7, 128, n. 1, 132, 133.

Agni, god, 2, 36, 59, 62, 66, 67, 69, 70, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 93, 95, 96, 103, 105, 106, 112, 114, 115, 120, 122, 124, 125, 126, 127, 130, 131, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 147, 149, 150, 151, 154-62, 163-6, 167, 169, 174, 176, 177, 179, 183, 188, 192, 196, 199, 200, 205, 206, 220, 221, 222, 223, 233, 244, 246, 247, 248, 255, 261, 268, 272, 273, 279, 280, 286, 292, 308, 310, 317, 319, 320, 321, 327, 331, 334, 353, 355, 359, 376, 402, 407, 419, 428, 435, 455, 458, 464, 465, 466, 486, 527, 576, 581, 620, 625.

v2.c42.32

Agni, Vaiçvānara, 484.

v2.c42.33

Agnīdh, priest, 252, 294, 296.

v2.c42.34

Āgnīdhra, priest, 294, 298, 320, 325, 327.

v2.c42.35

Agnimindha, priest, 252.

v2.c42.36

Agniṣomā, dual deity, 221.

v2.c42.37

Agohya, host of the Ṛbhus, 177, 178.

v2.c42.38

Agricultural offerings, 57, 256, 366.

v2.c42.39

Agriculture, spirits of, 186, 187, 366.

v2.c42.40

Ahalyā, wife of Gautama, seduced by Indra, 132, 244, 471.

v2.c42.41

Ahi, serpent demon, 193.

v2.c42.42

Ahi Budhnya, deity, 62, 142, 193, 204, 362.

v2.c42.43

Ahura Mazdāh, 33, 90, 128, 134, 231, 247, 448, 461, 616, 620.

v2.c42.44

Aias, Indian parallel to madness of, 636.

v2.c42.45

Aila, epithet of Purūravas, 200.

v2.c42.46

Aion, alleged Indian origin of doctrine of the, 635, n. 9.

v2.c42.47

Air, as element, 613, *and see* Elements, *and* vāyu.

v2.c42.48

Aiṣakṛta, Çitibāhu's Soma stolen by Indra, 133.

v2.c42.49

Aischylos, Greek tragedian, 602.

v2.c42.50

Aitareya Āraṇyaka, 391, 490, 498, 499, 512, 519, 523, 571, 573.

v2.c42.51

Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, 17, 19, 26, 29, 86, 110, 115, 125, 139, 145, 148, 156, 176, 193, 208, 219, 270, 271, 333, 343, 394, 395, 447, 518, 586, 632.

v2.c42.52

Aitareya Upaniṣad, 19, 498, 499, 502, 510, 520, 521, 524, 525, 531, 557, 568, 573.

v2.c42.53

Aitaçāyana Ājāneyas, priests, 226.

v2.c42.54

Aja Ekapād, deity, 62, 80, 136, 137, 166, 175, 192, 362. Ajas, tribe, 196. Ajātaçatru, King, 21, 22, 493, 517. Ajātasattu, patron of the Buddha, 22. Ajīgarta, father of Çunaḥçepa, 282, 283. Ajita Kesakambalin, teacher, 550. Ājya Çastra, 315, 329. Akhenaten (Ikhnaton), religious reformer (*CAH.* ii. 109 ff.), views on sun (for a different opinion see Sethe cited in *JRAS.* 1924, p. 325), 518. Ākhyānas, 344. Ākuli, demon, 233, 462. Akūpāra Kaçyapa, cosmic tortoise, 81, n. 3, 82, n. 9, 242. Alexander, invasion of India, 30. Alfr, Norse parallel of elf, 38. Ālikhant, demon, 240. Alkaios, prayer to Dioskouroi, 117. Alkman, alleged reference to Soma in, 171, n. 3. Allegorical myths, 60. Allegories, 499. All-gods, Viçve Devās, 2, 89, 93, 136, 213, 214, 221, 265, 270, 300, 301, 323, 327, 329, 343, 359, 427. All-soul, *see* *ātman*. Alpine brachycephalics, Indo-Europeans as, 12, 627, n. 3, 634, n. 2; opposed to Indo-Europeans, 634. Altars, as symbols of Soma guardians, 68. Amāvāsyā, new moon night, offerings to, 201. Ambāla, place of abode of Rigvedic Indians, 3. Ambikā, sister or mother of Rudra, 144, 149, 242. Ambrosia (*amṛta*), 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 623, 624. Ameša Spenta, Iranian deities, 33, 34, 217. Ammā, Dravidian goddess, 199, n. 9, 200. Ammianus Marcellinus, cited, 615. Amphidromia, 367, n. 6. Amulets, 388. Anaghā, goddess, 186. Anāhita, Iranian deity, 173, n. 4, 614. Anarçani, demon, 236. Anaxagoras, Greek philosopher (*c.* 440 B.C.), 544, 594, 604, n. 1, 611, 635. Anaximander, Greek philosopher (6th cent. B.C.), 603. Anaximenes, Greek philosopher (6th cent. B.C.), 613. Anchorite, 490, 589, *and see* Asceticism.

v2.c42.55

Andaman islanders, religion of, 46. Andhakas, Buddhist school, views of the, 562. Androgynous character of Indra, 125; of the primeval being, 462, n. 10, 620. Aṅga, tribe, 632. Aṅgāraka, planet, 200, 528, n. 9. Angelus Silesius, mystic, 600, n. 2. Anger, *see* Wrath. Aṅgiras, 83, 95, 104, 128, 158, 244, 317. Aṅgirases, priestly family, 223, 224, 228, 261, 300, 336, n. 4, 419, 431. Aṅguttara Nikāya, 484. Aniconic worship, 48, n. 3, 56. Animal fetish, 68–71, 190. Animal form of gods, 133, 151, 195, 208; *see also* Theriomorphism. Animal heat, Agni, as, 157. Animal sacrifice (for Egypt, cf. Wiedemann, *Archiv f. Religionswissenschaft*, xxii. 70), 13, 40, 47, 48, 56, 164, 270, 271, 296, 298, 324–6, 327, 333, 334, 390. Animal worship, 63, 74, n. 5, 187, 193, 194, 197, 323, 362, 364, 365. Animals, in the Upaniṣads, 506; self in, 523; transmigration of, 526. Animatism, 42, n. 3, 74, 120, 185, 204, n. 1, 213, 236, 380, 388, 626, 631. Animiṣa, demon, 240. Animism, 42, 43, 71–5, 204, n. 1, 236, 240, 380, 388, 497, 626, 631. Anna Perenna, Latin legend of, 623. Anna Petronilla, Christian legend of, 623. Annihilation, as fate of dead, 409. Anointing, in ritual, 341, 355, 377. Aṅça, an Āditya, 86, 99, 100. Antaka, deity, 213, 408. Antelope, horn and skin, use in ritual, 301, 302, 303, 386. Ant heaps, 287, 322, 384, 386, 387, 392, 397. Anthesteria, Greek festival, 412. Anthropomorphic deities, 237. Anthropomorphism, 47, 58–61, 74, 87, 95, 119, 154, 166, 621, 626. *Antigone*, alleged derivation of motif from India, 601. Ants, 194, 382, 387, 397; occasional worship of, 63; slay Viṣṇu, 112; water and, 142. Anu, Semitic deity, 222, n. 8. Anumati, goddess, 199, 201, 211, 341, 355, 360, 365, 372, 445. Anumroka, Kimīdin, 239. Anus (*pāyu*), 554. Anus, people, 9.

v2.c42.56

Anusarpa, Kimīdin, 239. Apākhyātṛ, spirit, 214. Apālā, passed by Indra through a hole, 133, 384, 385. Apalālapant, spirit, 214. Apāṁ Napāt, deity, 31, 122, 135, 136, 174, 204, n. 2, 279. Apāṁ Napāt, in Avesta, 135. Apaoša (Apavurta), Avestan demon, 127. Aparājita palace, 407, n. 7, 584. Āpastamba Dharma Sūtra, 29, 416. Āpastamba Gṛhya Sūtra, 28. Āpastamba Çrauta Sūtra, 28, 298. Ape form of Rakṣases, 237. Apollo (as Hellenic, Bethe, *Festschrift Jacob Wackernagel*, pp. 14–21), 155, n. 2, 160, n. 1, 197. Apollonides, Greek physician at the Persian Court, 602. Apotropaeic worship of snakes, 193, 194. Apsarases, water nymphs, 24, 60, 142, 179–84, 263, 268, 299, 301, 474, 577. Apsu, chaos, 81, n. 2. Āptya, 134, 135, *and see* Trita. Apvā, demon, 386. Āra, sea, 584. Arachosia, 7, 91. Araḍā, goddess, 186. Aramati (Ārmaiti), in Avesta, 65, n. 3, 211. Āraṇya Gāna, of Sāmaveda, 16, n. 1, 490. Āraṇyaka, 389, 489, 490, 491, 492, 499. Āraṇyaka Saṁhitā, 490. Araṇyānī, deity, 185. Araru, demon, 233, 384. Arāti, Arātis, demons of avarice, 211, 239, 400. Ārbhavapavamāna Stotra, 330. Arbuda, foe of Indra, 130, 134. Arbuda Kādraveya, snake priest (cf. v. Negelein, *Weltanschauung*, p. 77), 194, 458. Arbudi, demon, 400. Archery, in ritual, 258, 351, 389. Areion, legend of, 198. Ariṣṭanemi, and Tārkṣya, 190. Ariṣṭanemi, Jain saint, 619. Aristotle, Greek philosopher (384–322 B.C.), 436, n. 3, 507, 523, n. 1, 533, 563, 603, 611, 634, 635, 636. Ārjīkīyā river, 7, 8. Arjuna, mystic name of Indra (ÇB. v. 4. 3. 7: not connected with Arjuna of epic *qua* hero, but possibly with Arjuna in Pāṇini, iv. 3. 98), 456, n. 8. Arka, planet, 200.

v2.c42.57

Armour, deified, 188. Arṇava, ocean, 175. Arrow, deified, 188. Arrows of Kāma (cf. Konow, *Festschrift Jacob Wackernagel*, p. 5), 210. Arsakes, Iranian name, 7. Ārṣānukramaṇī, 19. Ārtabhāga, sage, 573, 579. Artaxerxes I, 614. Artaxerxes II, 602, 614. Arthaçāstra, Kauṭilīya, 481, n. 12, 491, n. 5, 505. Aru, an Asura, 233. Aruṇa, post-Vedic charioteer of the sun, 191, n. 4, 202; cf. Kanisian *aruṇas*, 617. Aruṇa Aupaveçi, teacher, 473. Aruṇaketu, mythical sage, 443. Āruṇaketuka fire, 482. Arundhatī, plant, used to heal a bone, 394. Arundhatī, star, 201, 375, 416. Āruṇeya Upaniṣad, 589, n. 4. Āruṇi, sage, 493. Aruñmaghas or Arurmaghas, slain by Indra, 133, 233. Arunta belief as to entry of child into mother, 378, n. 6. Arurmaghas, slain wickedly by Indra, 133. Arval Brethren, 291; worship the *irollae*, 269. Aryaman, deity, 86, 91, 93, 96, 374, 376. Aryan conception of the heaven, 621–3. Aryans, 234, 299, 337, 351, 618, 621–9. Aryo-Dravidians, and Indo-Aryans, 11, 12; *see also* Dravidians. Āçā, spirit, 57, 186. Açani, name of Rudra, 144. Āçāpati, deity, 57. Açoka, Buddhist emperor, 30, 632. Āçrama Upaniṣad, 589, n. 4. Āçramas, stages of life, 587–9. Āçvalāyana Gṛhya Sūtra, 28, 411, 421. Āçvalāyana Çrauta Sūtra, 28, 298. Açvapati Kaikeya, King, 459, 484, 493, 496, 515, 517, 585. Āçvina Çastra, 336. Açvinī, sacrifice on full moon, 362. Açvinī, wife of the Açvins, 115, *and see* Sūryā. Açvins, twin deities, 275, 280, 284, 310, 328, 332, 353, 363, 365. Āṣāḍhi Sauçromateya, sacrificer, 463. Aṣṭaka, son of Viçvāmitra, 496, n. 4. Aṣṭācatvāriṅça Stoma, 314. Ašera, Semitic (CAH. ii. 348), 67. Aššur, not Asura (cf. H. Sköld and F. W.

v2.c42.58

Thomas, JRAS. 1924, pp. 265 ff.; on Aššur, cf. CAH. i. 231; ii. 348, 709, n. 1), 13. Asceticism, 301, 402, 480, 485, 497, 503, 514, 515, 516, 517, 576, 577, 578, 585, 618; *see also* Muni *and* Yatis. Ash, Germanic, as sacred, 172, n. 2. Asia Minor, religion in, 37. Asiknī, river, 152. Asita Dhānva, King of Asuras, 234. Āsnatare, Iranian counterpart of Potṛ, 294. Ass, in myth, 69, 114, 192; in ritual, 266, 267, 271, 279; offered to Rakṣases, 324. Assara Mazāš, 5, n. 3, 616. Assimilation of offering to the character of the deity, 279, 280. Assyria, 33, n. Astronomical data, as evidence of age of the Rigveda, 4; the Brāhmaṇas, 22. Asunīti, deity, 211. Asura, form of marriage, 373. Asura, lord, 13, 232, 233, 447; *see also* Ahura Mazdāh. Asura Maya, in epic, 96, n. 6. Asuras, demons, 24, 26, 33, 35, 36, 73, 75, 88, 95, 96, 110, 111, 131, 142, 153, n. 9, 159, 179, 207, 231–4, 244, 272, 430, 455, 456, 457, 459, 464, 470, 471, 478, n. 8, 481, 623. Ātar, Iranian, 135, 161, 225. Ātarevakhša, Iranian parallel of the Agnīdh, 294. Aten (Aton) worship, alleged Indo-Iranian influence on (Cumont, *Astronomy and Religion*, pp. 73 ff.; CAH. ii. 400; *but see* Breasted, *Development of Religion and Thought*, p. 367, n. 1), 26, 103, n. 5. Atharvan, Atharvans, priests, 34, 116, 161, 166, 223, 224, 225, 228, 261, 443. Atharvāṅgiras, 225. Atharvaveda, 1, 14, 16, 18, 19, 23, 24, 29, 52, 64, 68, 73, 76, 78, 82, 89, 91, 92, 97, 103, n. 1, 104, 109, 113, 124, 134, 137, 142, 143, 144, 147, 155, 158, 159, 161, 170, 174, 176, 180, 181, 182, 184, 188, 192, 193, 207, 208, 209, 213, 221, 223, 229, 231, 238, 245, 247, 292, 338, 375, 382, 393, 394, 399, 402, 405, 406, 414, 417, 423, 427, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 451, 454, 458, 485, 503, 510, n. 3, 531, 538, 553, 560, 575, 604, 621. Atharvaveda Pariçiṣṭa, 391, 632. Athene, Greek goddess (non Indo-European name, CAH. ii. 616), 425. Āthravan, Iranian priest, 34, 161, 225. Āthwya, Iranian sacrifice, 34, 113, 134, 171.

v2.c42.59

Atidhanvan, royal (?) philosopher, 493. Atithigva Divodāsa, relation to Indra, 129, 130. Atlas, in Greek mythology, 80. Atmosphere, 33, 90, 128, 134, 247, 486, 520, n. 7, 561, 593, 594, 595; offerings to, 213. Ātreya, priest as scapegoat, 263. Atri, Atris, priests, 1, 91, 92, 227, 291, 439. Atri Saptavadhri, rescued by the Açvins, 116. Attention, 535, 554. Attis, Anatolian deity, 187. Attraction by magic of beneficial substances, 386–8. Augenblicksgötter, momentary gods, Usener's theory of, 44, 45. Aupamanyava, grammarian, his views on Niṣādas, 299. Aupaniṣada, school, 512. Aupaniṣadika sections of Arthaçāstra and Kāma Sūtra, 491, n. 5. Auramazdā, Persian form of Ahura Mazdāh, 614. Aurava, Kutsa, son of Indra, 125. Aurṇavābha, demon, 193. Aurṇavābha, grammarian, derivation of Hotṛ, 254, n. 1. Aurora, Roman deity, 38, 121. Austerity, *see* Asceticism. Australian religion, 49, 52. Australian tribes, supreme deity among, 42. Australo-Veddaic, Pre-Dravidians as, 634. Austric languages, 633. Āvayās (perhaps Āvayāj, Macdonell, *Vedic Grammar*, § 302, but dubiously), priest, 252. Averting of face at sacrifice, 172, n. 11, 281. Avesta, 32, 60, 63, 110, 128, 134, 137, 139, 161, 171, 180, 193, 211, 220, 231, 232, 233, 249, 254, 286, 294, 299, 345, 353, n. 3, 406, 408, 409, 420, 448, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624; age of the, 614–19. Avoidance of use of name of Rudra, 145, 146. Axe, ordeal by, 393. Āyu, foe of Indra, 129, 228. Aži Dahāka, Iranian demon, 134.

v2.c42.60

Babylon, alleged reference in Rigveda to capture of, 4. Babylonian religious influence, 13, 25, 26, 41, 53, n. 1, 81, n. 2, 174, n. 4, 258, n. 2, 259, n. 1, 268, 270, n. 2, 277, n. 1, 279, n. 4, 390, n. 7, 394, n. 2, 432, n. 1, 603, 607, 610, n. 8, 630, 635.

v2.c42.61

Bādarāyaṇa, author of Brahma Sūtra, 507, 545, 595, 596. Bagaios, Phrygian god, 37, 116, 618. Bagha, Iranian, 100. Bāhīkas, people, 92, 147. Bahiṣpavamāna Stotra, 329. Bahram Yašt, 63. Bāhva, on nature of the Brahman, 522. Baka, spirit, 242. Bakchai, 606. Balāian or Balaic, language, 617. Balance, ordeal for soul, 393, n. 3, 572. Bali, offerings, 55, 175, 210, nn. 1, 4, 213, 287, n. 3, 359, 360. Bamboo seeds, offered, 323. Barber, rewarded, 369. Bardesanes, Gnostic (2nd cent. A.D.), 612. Barley, in ritual, 167, 323, 359, 366. Barrier between dead and living, 422. Basilides, Gnostic (2nd cent. A.D.), 612. Bath, in ritual, 304, 321, 322, 345, 372. Battle, to foresee result of a, 391. Baudhāyana Dharma Sūtra, 29, 200, 415. Baudhāyana Gṛhya Sūtra, 28. Baudhāyana Çrauta Sūtra, 28. Bdellion, used to drive away demons, 384. Beans, taboo against use of, 608. Beating of King, to expel evil, 342. Beer, Indo-European drink, 624; of the Ases, Scandinavian legend of, 623. Beginnings of Vedic philosophy, 433–9. Being, 483, 485, 507, 519, 525; Parmenides' identification of thought and, 636, 637. Bendis, Phrygian deity, 620. Berndl, L., theory of Sāṃkhya, 544, 604, n. 1, 605, n. 5. Bhadrakālī, deity, 212. Bhadra Sāman, 249, 352. Bhaga, god, 34, 86, 99, 100, 105, 106, 120, 191, 206. Bhagavadgītā, 538, 550, 577, *and see* Gītā. Bhāṅg, Soma supposed to be, 172, n. 1. Bharadvāja, Bharadvājas, 1, 91, 92, 127, n. 2, 152, 176, 227, 291, 459. Bhāradvāja Gṛhya Sūtra, 28. Bhāratan war, 618, 619, n. Bharatas, people, 12, n. 1, 64, n. 5, 79, 80, 80, n. 1, 173, n. 3, 200. Bhāratī, goddess, 193, 200, 328. Bhārgavas, priests, 226. Bhauma, spirit, 362; *see also* Bhūmi. Bhava, name of Rudra, 92, 144, 150, 193, 399. Bhavānī, wife of Bhava, 364. Bheda, defeated by Sudās, 131.

v2.c42.62

Bhīru, spirit, 242. Bhojas, alleged to be pre-Dravidian, 633. Bhujyu, son of Tugra, rescued by the Açvins, 115. Bhuliṅgas, a people, 632. Bhūmi, earth, 174, 197, 212, 366; *see also* Bhauma. Bhūt, modern use of term, 214. Bhūtapati, deity, 153, 214. Bhūtas, spirits, 73. Bhūti, goddess, 186, 212, 366. Bhṛgu, seer, 38, 71, 138, 158, 162, n. 1. Bhṛgus, seers, 223, 225, 226, 228, 313, 317, 410, 413, 440, n. 4, 474, 475. Bhṛgvaṅgiras, 225. Binding of self in matter, 534, 539. Bird form of altar, 466. Birds, 63, 71, 87, 105, 119, 133, n. 6, 150, 153, 155, 169, 190, 193, 197, 209, 237, 391; as dead, 571; of omen, 392; taboos on eating, 318. Birth, different kinds of, 526; *see also* Rebirth and Transmigration. Birth ceremonies, 366–9. Birthday offerings, 368. Bisexual being, world sprung from, 462, n. 10, 620. Bithynians, religion of, 39. Black birds, 392. Black dog, offered to Rakṣases, 324. Black garments, in rain spell, 309, 324, 339. Black magic, 396. Black offerings, 212, 363, 389. Black Yajurveda, 17. Bliss (*ānanda*), 507, 518, 519, 520, 521, 556, 557, 569. Blood (for Egyptian religion, *see* Wiedemann, *Archiv f. Religionswissenschaft*, xxii. 58 ff.), 56, 194, 241, 273, 281, 284, n. 2. Blood suckers, demons as, 237. Blue-black, connected with the dead, 143, n. 1. Blue colour of demons, 237. Boar, theriomorphic form of deities or demons, 111, 143, 157, 192, 208; cosmic, 81, n. 3, 208, 622. Bodily presence of gods among men, 83. Body (*çarīra*), 556, 557, 565, 566. Boghaz-Köi, gods invoked in inscriptions found at, 5, 617. Boiling oil ordeal, 393. Bonds, of Varuṇa, 97, 246. Bones of dead, burial of, 415, 420, 421.

v2.c42.63.1

Boomerang, weapon of Indra and Thorr, 124. Boōpis, Here, 217, n. 3. Borer insect, how to destroy, 390. Bounty of Indra, 132. Bouphonia, at Athens, 47, 269, 274. Bowstring, Ṛta as, 162. Bowstrings, used to forecast outcome of money, 391. Bṛbu Takṣan, enemy of the Paṇis, 7. Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad, 19, 21, 448, 483, 484, 485, 493, 498, 500, 509, 510, 512, 514, 515, 520, 521, 527, 536, 550, 553, 554, 555, 558, 560, 567, 569, 571, 573, 575, 576, 613. Bṛhaddevatā, 502. Bṛhaddiva Atharvan, priest, 225. Bṛhaddivā, goddess, 200. Bṛhaspati, god, 65, 79, 80, 93, 96, 105, 122, 123, 124, 126, 128, 133, 134, 138, 158, 162–4, 171, 177, 205, 208, 223, 292, 293, 315, 327, 339, 360, 370, 448, 449, 620, 623. Bṛhaspati, planet, 200. Bṛhaspatisava, offering, 338, 340. Bṛhatkathāçlokasaṁgraha, 632. Bṛhat Sāman, 253, 335, 350, 351, 461. Brahmacārin, Brahman student, 200, 208, 209, 304, 309, 448; expiation of vow of chastity, 266, 267. Brahmaloka, world of Brahman (or the Brahman), 209, 407, n. 7, 503, 520, n. 7, 526, n. 6, 528, 577, 583, 584, 588. Brahman (n.), holy power, absolute (Hopkins (*Ethics of India*, p. 85) takes this as original sense; F. Preisigke (*Vom göttlichen Fluidum nach ägyptischer Anschauung*, 1920) finds a parallel to Oldenberg's ‘Zauberfluidum’ theory in Egypt), 168, 171, 209, 399, 437, 443, 445–50, 469–72, 489, 491, 494, 507–13, 516–22, 522–9, 538, 541, 549, 550, 551, 560, 568, 577, 580, 589, 599, 603, 610, n. 7, 613. Brahman (m.), god, 17, n.

v2.c42.63.2

3, 55, 57, 164, 173, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 213, 214, 222, n. 8, 242, 360, 366, 407, n. 7, 482, 503, 526, 531, 573, 576. Brahman, a special priest, 252, 253, 294, 296, 297, 298, 315, 320, 336, 339, 353, 357, 399. Brāhmaṇācchaṅsin priest, 18, 162, 253, 296, 297, 298, 328, 329, 333, 335. Brāhmaṇas, philosophy of the, 440–88; referred to, 17, 19, 20, 27, 73, 75, 84, n. 3, 86, 99, 105, 109, 110, 112, 122, 126, n. 1, 138, 142, 143, 144, 151, n. 1, 155, 156, 159, 161, 164, 169, 170, 173, 174, 180, 189, 199, 201, 207, 208, 210, 225, 228, 232, 233, 234, 239, 252, 256, 259, 260, 261, 273, 274, 277, 282, 288, 292, 298, 302, 333, 375, 379, 395, 410, 415, 572, 581, 608, 612. Brahmaṇaspati, god, 65, 82, 162, 205, 438. Brahmans, priests, 16, 29, 39, 159, 162, 270, 280, 290, 299, 316, 317, 340, 347, 349, 358, 368, 369, 370, 373, 374, 375, 380, 395, 401, 414, 427, 428, 429, 433, 460, n. 9, 476, 481, 493–6, 515, 576, 577, 584, 631. Brahma Sūtra, 507, 542, 596. Brāhūis, Dravidian in speech, 11. Breaking of utensils, &c., of the dead, 419. Breath (*prāṇa*), 467, 484, 486, 517, 518, 537, 553, 554, 559, 564, 565, 567. Breathing, to produce life, 387. Bridal garment, treatment of, 375. Bride, 373–8, 385. Bridegroom, 373–8. Bridge, passed over by dead, not Vedic (Hopkins, *Ethics of India*, p. 57, n. 1; suggests a hint of it in ÇB. xiii. 2. 10. 1, but this is not plausible), 406, n. 9. Brilliance (*tejas*), 554, 569. Bringing of Soma from the mountain, 169.

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Britain, disposal of dead among neolithic tribes of, 53. Broad-headed people, cremation alleged to be characteristic of, 627, n. 2. Brothers of Agni, legend of, 157, 158. Brushwood, burnt at Aṣṭakās, 429. Buddha, Gotama, the, 20, 22, n. 1, 29, 501, 502, 577, 578, 587. Buddhaghoṣa, on like as known by like, 605, n. 3. Buddhism, doctrine of, 20, 21, 26, 29, 36, 56, 180, 378, n. 6, 395, 409, 410, 414, 459, 467, n. 1, 484, 485, 494, 495, 497, 500, n. 9, 501, 512, 513, 514, 516, n. 9, 535, 536, 537, 547, 548, 550, 551, 558, 559, 560, 562, 563, 564, 577, 581, 596, 597, 612, 631. Buddhist Canon, date of, 502. Budha, planet, 200. Bull, 62, 68, 95, 140, 155, 168, 191, 254, 280, 353, 364, 365; of Mithra, 406, n. 9, 619. Bull-king, alleged offerings to, 195. Bull’s hide, use in ritual, 386. Bundahišn, 602. Burial mounds, Vedic, 32, n. 1, 421, 422, 629, n. 1. Burial of the dead, 53, 417–24, 626–9. Buriaš, Kassite god, 618, n. 2. Burning of old articles, 389, 390, 628, n. 1. Burning, of self, as essence of consecration, 302; of the dead, 53, 417, 422, 626–9; of widow of the dead, 418, 419, 423.

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Burying of hair and nails, 387. Būšyasta, Iranian demon, 620. Butter and Agni, 154, 254, 278, 359.

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Cacus, 38, 127, 235. Caesar, on Celtic religion, 627, 628. Calendar of Numa, 51, 52. Calves, 254, 278, 279. Calves of Virāj, sun and moon as, 62, n. 1. Candra, 376; *see also* Candramas and Moon. Candragupta, alleged Persian influence at Court of, 306, n. 3; repels Greeks, 30. Candramas, 122, *and see* Moon. Captured enemies, sacrifice of, 303. Car, Agni as a, 154. Caraka, medical teacher, 353. Caro-Lelegians, pre-Hellenic (cf. *CAH.* ii. 17, 26, 283 ff., 553 ff.), 618, n. 5. Cārvākas, 556. Castes, 2, 23, 54, 81, 83, 207, 480, 481, 497, 631. Categories, 483, 484. Cathartic use of fire, 285, 286. Cattle, Rudra as lord of, 143, 145. Cattle bells, revered by Todas, 269, n. 7. Caturviṅça Stoma, 319, 350, 351. Catuçcatvāriṅça Stoma, 319, 350, 351. Causality, 483, 484, 487, 522, 562, 594. Celtic religion, 36, 37, 38, 39, 117, n. 3, 149, n. 2, 199, 229, n. 1, 283, n. 2, 422, n. 5, 571, n. 9, 606, n. 6, 623, 627, 628. Central organ of thought, 554, 556, 557. *Centum* speech in Asia Minor, &c., 617, 634, n. 2; and *satem* speakers, alleged distinction of, 100, n. 1. Cereal offerings, 40, 278, 279. Chameleon, used in magic ritual, 389. Chance, as final principle, 550, 551. Chāndogya Upaniṣad, 19, 170, 487, 493, 496, 498, 502, 510, 512, 514, 515, 519, 520, 521, 537, 540, 545, 561, 569, 575, 576, 577, 578, 591, 598, 635, 637. Change of form, by Viṣṇu, 109; *see also* Transformation of gods. Chariot, simile of, 389, 536, 555. Chariot race, at the Vājapeya, 339, 340. Chariots of the gods, 87. Charites, 162, n. 1. Charity, *see* Generosity *and* Gifts. Charlemagne cycle, 618, n. 9. Charri (Harri) people and speech, 5, n. 3, 617. Chastity, *see* Adultery. Children, under two years of age, buried, not burned, 424, 628; guiltlessness of new born, 478; renunciation of, 578, n. 3.

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Chitral, route into India, 337, n. 3. Chota Nagpur, princes of, claim descent from snake, 196. Christian influence, 511, 619. Christian love, 598, n. 4. Christian Mass, 270, n. 11. Christian mysticism, 599, 600. Chthonic character, attributed to Rudra and the Maruts, 148. Chthonic deity, 148. Churning of the ocean, epic legend of, 623, 624. Cinvaṭ, bridge, 406, 469. Circle, 240. Circumambulation of a tree, 185. Citra Gāṅgyāyani (Gārgyāyani), King, 493. Citrajyotis, a Marut, 153, n. 6. Citraratha, snake deity, 361. Citrasena, snake deity, 361. City of ghosts, 414. Clan, worship of Agni, 159. Classes, *see* Castes. Classification, 484. Clay, taboo on use of vessels of, 309. Climbing to top of sacrificial post, as spell, 339. Cloelia, legend of, 199. Clothes, offered to Brahmans for the dead, 427. Cloud spirit, Gandharva as a, 181. Clouds, 108, 119, 120, 126, 127, 128. Coconut palm, 624. Cohabitation, as religious duty, 268. Colchians, exposure of dead on trees among, 417, n. 7. Collective aggregate, not sense of *samaṣṭi*, 506, n. 11. Colours of demons, 237. Colours of victims, 279. Comb, used to remove dangerous influences from the hair, 384. Common meal, to secure harmony, 387. Common sensibles, 563. Communion and sacrament in the Vedic sacrifice, 268–78. Comparison, in spells, 394. Compassion, 480; in Buddhism, 597. Competitions in philosophy, 507. Conception, 554, 556; part of Gandhabba in, 180. *Confarreatio* (cf. Warde Fowler, *JRS.* vi. 186 ff.), 271, n. 3. Confession of sin, 321, 472. Confidence in gods, *see* Faith.

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Confucianism, 470, n. 1. Confusion, *see* Ignorance. Conjuring up of souls, 396. Consciousness, 507, 509, 520, 521, 522, 558, 559, and *see prajñā, buddhi, vijñāna, saṃjña*. Consciousness of sin, 246. Consecration of grove or tank, ceremony, 364. Constellations, worship of, 200–2. Consummation of marriage, delayed, 375, 376. Contact, 271, 272. Contamination of deities, 92, 181, n. 9. Cooking, prohibited after death, 420. Copper, 23; alleged to be introduced into India from Mesopotamia, 26; is gift to evil spirits, 341. Corn spirit, 258, 262, 264, 277. Corpse-eating wolves, of Wodan, 144, n. 2. Cosmogonical hymns, 2, 14. Cosmogonism, as philosophical doctrine, 510, 511, 524, 531, 552, 594. Cosmography, Jain, 503. Cotton, unknown to early India, 631, 632, n. 3. Cough, sent by Rudra, 144. Courtesy, to gods, 460; to Fathers, 465; to others, 585. Covering of head of sacrificer, 281, n. 5, 300, 329, 332, 371. Covetousness, disapproved, 585. Cow, 62, 63, 70, 87, 125, 191, 192, 200, 216, 217, 359, 362, 363, 365, 374, 419, 427, 428, 429; and Iḍā, 270; clouds as, 108, 127, 128, 151, 198; oath by, 395; offerings to, 213; stars as, 623; waters as, 168. Creation of world, 443, 444, 509, 524, 525; *see also* Cosmogonism. Creator gods, 206–10. Creeping of the priests, 329. Cremation, *see* Burning of the dead. Cretan marriage of sun and moon, 377, n. 1. Criminal, veiled before execution, 281, n. 5. Crossways, 145, 239, 322, 414, 426, 428. Cūlikā Upaniṣad, 501. Culture, connected with fire cult, 158. Culture hero, 59, n. 4, 60. Cumuri, a chief or demon, 130, 236. Cup of Tvaṣṭṛ, 206. Cupid, Kāma as, 210. Curse, 394, 395; automatic effect of, 506. Cyavana, demon, 240. Cyavana, Cyavāna, rejuvenated by the Açvins, 115. Cyrus, of Persia, 615, n. 4.

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Dābhi, among Asuras, 233. Dabhīti, protégé of Indra, 130. Dadhikrā, Dadhikrāvan, the sun-horse, 189, 190, 220, 225, 264. Dadhyañc Ātharvaṇa, 116, 224, 225, 228. Daēnā, Iranian, 616. Daēvas, 101, 244, n. 4. Dahae, 7, 234. Dahlmann, J., theory of the development of the Sāṃkhya, 540, 541. Daimons, Hesiod's doctrine of, 606. Daityas, demons, 218. Daivya, an Asura, 233. Dakṣa, an Āditya, 86, 99, 100, 215, 216, 438, 620, n. 1; Prajāpati, 218. Dakṣa Pārvati, sacrificer, 320, n. 1. Dākṣāyaṇa, line of kings, 320, n. 1, 394. Danaoi (cf. CAH. ii. 8, 281 f., 476), 235, n. 1. Dānava, name of Vṛtra, 235. Dānavi Vilisteṅgā, loved by Indra, 125. Dance of the sun on Easter day, 121, n. 1. Dancer, Indra as an aged, 125, n. 13. Dancing, in ritual, 258, 342, 343, 351, 374, 389, 402, 470, 475, 480. Dānu, mother of Vṛtra, 234. Dara Shukoh, collection of Upaniṣads for, 501. Dareios I, of Persia, 602, 614, 615. Darkness, 479. Darzales, Thracian deity, 620. Daçagvas, priests, 224. Dāsa, 7, 75, 129, 220, 234. Dasyus, 73, 75, 129, 161, 234, 426. Date of Avesta, 614–19; of Brāhmaṇas, 19–22; of Rigveda, 3–8, 614–19; of Saṃhitās, 19–22; of Upaniṣads, 21, 22, 501–5. Date palm, 624. Dātṛ, abstract deity, 86, n. 3. Daughter-in-law, taboo in respect of father-in-law, 388. Daurgaha, possibly a sun-horse, 191, n. 3. Dawn, Uṣas, 2, 3, 38, 58, 80, 82, 83, 84, 87, 100, 104, 115, 119, 122, 132, 134, 155, n. 2, 157, 163, 189, 197, 198, 218, 221, 279, 310, 328. Day walkers, spirits as, 214.

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Dead, abodes of the, 403–16; cult of, 322, 345, n. 4, 425–32, 361; disposal of, 53, 417–24; god of the, 148, 150, 165; sight of, as a presage of death, 392; spirits of the, in connexion with origin of gods and demons, 71–5, 79, 81, 85. Death, 460; of enemy, modes to compass, 389; of god in the sacrifice, 49, 460; of the three brothers of Agni, 157, 160; taboos arising from, 308, 309. Debts, three, owed by man, 480. Deduction, logical, 485. Deep sleep, 537, 566, 567–70. Definition, 484, 548, n. 6. Deformed shapes of demons, 237. Deified States or Conditions, 211–15. Deiokes, father of, 616, n. 1. Demokedes, Greek physician at the Persian court, 602. Demokritos, Greek philosopher (5th cent. B.C.), 604, 635, 636, n. 9. Demons, or spirits, Wundt’s classification of, 44, 45. Demons, 72, 76, 427, 517, 518; and Maruts, 153; killed by Agni, 158; by Soma, 168; mixed form of, 225, 237. Descent from animals or plants, 196. Desertion of Indra by the gods, 127. Desire, 436, 442, 480, 523, 554, 556, 574, 582. Deṣṭrī, ‘disposing’ deity, 206. Destruction of the universe by fire, periodic, 529. Destructive character of Rudra, 143. Determinism, 527, 586, 594, *and see* Will. Deussen, P., theory of meaning of Upaniṣads, 509–12, 592. Devabhāga Çrautarṣa or Çrautarṣi, sacrificer, 320, n. 1, 482. Devalakas, colporteurs of idols, 30. Devāpi, Purohita, 261, 292, 293. Devavāta, Agni of, 158. Devayajana, Vināyaka, 242. Deviations from the Karman doctrine, 579, 580. Dhammasaṅgaṇi, 563.

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Dhanapati, offering to, 360. Dhanvantari, 175, 214, 224, n. 4, 227, n. 8. Dhanvantari Bharadvāja, 360; offerings to, 358, 361. Dharma Sūtra, 27, n. 1, 29. Dhartṛ, supporter god, 206. Dhātṛ, god, 65, 86, n. 3, 104, 205, 206, 214. Dhauli, perhaps Tosalī, 632. Dhiṣaṇā, deity, 211. Dhruva, pole-star, 4, 22, 79, n. 6, 164. Dhuni, chief or demon, 130, 236. Dhūrta, epithet of Rudra, 150, n. 2. Dialectic, 506. Dialogue form in Upaniṣads, 505. Diarrhoea, means of curing, 386; *see also* Apvā. Dice, and Apsarases, 182. Dicing, 87, 258, 317. Diction of Upaniṣads, 500. Dietrich of Bern, 618, n. 9. Dignāga, 559, 560. Dione, goddess, 61. Dionysos, Thracian and Greek god (CAH. ii. 615, 619 ff.), 47, 48, 250, 284, n. 2. Dioskouroi, Greek deities, 38, 117, 119, 620, n. 5. Dīrghajihvī, Asura woman, relations of, with Indra, 126. Dīrghamukhī, bird of omen, 392. Dīrghatamas, seer, 434. Dīrghatamas Aucathya, Āprī hymn of, 165. Dirt, as sign of asceticism, 401. Disease, demons, 72, 147, 240, 381, 382. Disguise, adopted by gods, 125; *see also* Transformation of gods. Disinterested action, 583. Dislike of flesh, 604. Disposal of the dead, 415–24. Distinction, not denoted by *vyaṣṭi*, 506, n. 11. Distinction between offerings to the dead and those to the gods, 429, 430. Distributive aggregate, alleged sense of *vyaṣṭi*, 506, n. 11. Diti, goddess, 217, 218. Divākara, the sun, 104. Diversity denied, 507. Divination, 390–2. Divine animals, 189–95. Divine implements, 188, 189.

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Divine judgement of the dead, 464. Divine ladies, connected with Tvaṣṭṛ, 205. Divodāsa Atithigva, King, 91, 158, 228, 496. Divyāvadāna, 414. *Do ut des* principle of Vedic sacrifices (for an idealistic interpretation, see van der Leeuen, *Archiv f. Religionswissenschaft*, xx. 241 ff.), 259. Dog, 62, 128, 144, 150, 192, 237; not usually sacrificed, 324; offered, 279, 324, 406, n. 9; skin, 267. Dogs of death, 406, 424, n. 6. Dogs of Rudra, 144. Doias, Phrygian god, 620. Dolphin form of Apollo, 123. Domestic fire, 158, 159, 287–9, 358. Domestic ritual, 55, 175, 201, n. 2, 358–78, (*see Contents*). Domestication of the horse, 618, n. 1. Donar, Teutonic god, 37. Doors of the heaven, 621–3. Doors of the place of sacrifice, as divine, 189. Double of Indra, 125.

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Doubt, as to Indra, 433. Dove, offered to Nirṛti, 324. Dṛbhīka, possibly Iranian name, 7, 236. Dṛṣadvatī, river, 173 ; sacrifice on the, 372. Dragons, in German religion, 136, n. 11. Drāhyāyaṇa Çrauta Sūtra, 28. Dramatic ritual, 48, 110, 142. Draug, Norse malignant spirit, 38. Dravidians, influence on Vedic Indians, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 64, n., 149, 155, 200, 497, 629–34. Dreag, Old English malignant spirit, 38. Dreamless sleep, 517, 519, n. 8, 520, 567–70. Dream-like existence of the Fathers, 465, n. 2. Dreams, 383, 391, 392, 517, 520 ; as source of belief in spirits of the dead, 75, 414 ; bad, banished to Trita Āptya, 120 ; compared with waking reality, 508, 558, 567–70. Dried river foam, a magic ingredient, 397. Drink-of-strength, 339, 340, *and see vājapeya.* Droṇāsa, demon, 240. Dropsy, 282. Druhyus, people, 9, 226. Druids, 571, n. 4, 606, n. 6, 632. Drum, deified, 188 ; used to scare demons, 351. Drunkenness, of Indra, 132 ; of the Persians, 614. Dual deities, 220, 221. Duality, 508. Dulā, star, 468, n. 1. Durgā, goddess, 150, n. 1. Durkheim, theory of sacrifice, 276–8. Duties of man, 585, 586. Dvāpara age, 82. Dwarf animal, 111, n. 1. Dwarf incarnation, of Viṣṇu, 110, 111. Dwelling of dead in the earth, 410, 411. Dyaus, god, 34, 37, 45, 58, 80, 95, 96, 104, 115, 118, 120, 125, 140, 141, 147, n. 3, 174, 191, 208, 216, 221, 232, 448, 614. Dyaus Pitṛ, 37, 86, 96. Dyāvābhūmī, 220. Dyāvākṣamā, 220. Dyāvāpṛthivī, 220. Dying round the Brahman, 394.

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Ea, Semitic deity, 222, n. 8. Eagle, 62, 63, 105, 154, 169, 172, 189, 193, 242. Ear (çrotra), 453, 467, 486, 517, 518, 534, 536, 537. Earth, Pṛthivī, deity, 3, 24, 38, 57, 61, 64, 77, 78, 80, 82, 95, 132, n. 4, 140, 177, 208, 363, 622, 626 ; *see also* Bhauma, Bhūmi. Earth, element, 486, 517, 525. Earth of ant-heap, 397. Earth spirit as snake, 194. East, as place of the gods, 145. East and west, contrast between, 92. Easterners, usages of, 147, 210, 362, 363, 368. Eating, taboos on, 307, 308 ; to secure magic results, 387. Eating of god, 267. Eating of sacrifice by priests and sacrificers, 270, 271. Eckhardt, mysticism of, 599, n. 2, 600. Eclipse, demon of, 130, n. 3. Eclipses, as evidence of date of Rigveda, 4. Edgerton, F., theory of Sāṁkhya philosophy, 543. Egypt, 518. Egyptian influence on India, 26, 624, 628, 630 ; on Greece, 635. Egyptian religion, 47, n. 1, 101. Ekāṣṭakā, mother of Indra, 125. Ekaviñça Stoma, 319, 350, 351. Ekottarāgama, 484. Elb, elf, 38. Eleatic philosophy, 603. Election, doctrine of, *see* Grace. Elemental self (*bhūtātman*), 539. Elements, 486, 525, 527, 537, 554, 557, 565, 566 ; contrast with Greek view, 605, 613. Elephant, 23. Eleusis, 275 ; silent cutting of corn in, 325, n. 4. Eleven, sacred number, 86. Elliot Smith, G., theories of, 26, 630. Elves, 178. Emancipation, 594, *and see* Transmigration. Embryo, offering of an, 152 ; saved on burning of dead mother, 424, 627. Embryos, Viṣṇu as protector of, 109, 110. Empedokles, Greek philosopher (*c.* 495–435 B.C.), 544, 604, 605, n. 4, 611, 620, n. 1. Emperor of Japan, sanctity of, 276. Emūṣa, boar, 111. Enclosing sticks (*paridhi*), 241, 359, 383. Enemies of man, 236–42. Enemies of the gods, 231–6. Enemy, spells to defeat, 388, 389. Energy deified, *see* Çamā. Eniautos Daimon, theory of, 49, 50. Enlil, Semitic deity, 222, n. 8.

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Entrails of victim, divination from, 390, n. 7; given to hosts of Rudra, 145. Eos, Greek goddess of dawn, 38, 121. Epic, original story of, 613; use of, as authority for mythology, 623, 624. Epic Sāṁkhya, 543, 544. Epicharmos, Greek comic poet (6th cent. B.C., Rostagni, *Il Verbo di Pitagora*, pp. 18 ff.), 554. Epoṇa, goddess, 199. Equinoxes, play no part in early Indian ideas, 4. Erinys, Greek spirit, 38, 104, n. 1, 198. Eros, in Boeotia, 210, n. 5. Establishment of the fires (*agnyādhāna*), 316, 317. Esus, Gaulish god, 233, n. 2. Etadu, Asura, 233. Etaça, horse of the sun, 105, 191, 202. Ether (*ākāça*), element, 493, 517, 519, 613, 634, 635. Ethical principles, and religion, 46. Ethics of the Rigveda, 246–50, 433; of the Brāhmaṇas, 468–81; of the Upaniṣads, 584–91. Etymology, 488. Eudoxos, alleged mediator of Indian ideas, 635, n. 8. Euhemerism, 50. Euripides, Greek tragedian, 275, 606, 612. Evacuations (*visarga*), anus and, 554. Evil, 248, 249, 479, 480, 485, 585, 586. Evil dreams, face wiped after, 383; Trita and, 120, 134. Evil eye, 387. Evil forms of Agni, 241. Evil repute, of a killer, 477. Ewe, as sacrificial victim, 280. Exile, plan to restore prince from, 387. Expiations, 356, 357. Exposure of children, not practised, 475. Exposure of dead on trees, 417. Expulsion of evil, 263; *see also* Scapegoat. *Exta*, special treatment of, in Roman ritual, 281. External soul, 131, 196, 378, 625. Extinction of fires on death, 160. Eye (*cakṣus*), 453, 467, 472, 486, 517, 518, 537, 553, 554, 556, 557; as purifying, 387; of Prajāpati, as source of horse, 208.

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Faith (*çraddhā*; cf. v. Negelein, *Weltanschauung*, p. 34), 249, 250, 514, n. 11, 517, 575, 576, 577; as a deity, 2, 210. False accusation, effect of, 477. Family books, of the Rigveda, 1, 2. Family worship, 328, 358. Fasting, 300, 301, 306. Fata Morgana, 179. Fate, *see* Determinism. Father-in-law, taboo to daughter-in-law, 388. Fathers (*pitṛs*), spirits of the dead, 15, 63, 73, 80, 83, 93, 120, 122, 165, 168, 170, 173, 250, 270, 272, 275, 279, n. 3, 288, 300, 320, 322, 329, 330, 353, 358, 359, 360, 361, 372, 383, 392, 405, 407, 418, 425–32, 448, 464, 465, 466, 480, 571, 572, 573, 575, 576, 598. Fauni, in Roman religion, 147. Fear in religion, 53, n. 2, 54, n. 2, 425. Feather, of eagle becomes tree or porcupine, 169. Fees (*dakṣiṇās*), 317, 323, 326, 330, 335, 336, 337, 338, 343, 345, 398, 401. Feet (*pāda*), as organs, 554, 556. Feretrius, Jupiter, 37. Fertility magic, 351, 476. Fetishism, 47, 66–75, 189, 190, 191. Fever, dismissed to Gandhāra or the Mūjavants, 385, 394. Fides, abstract deity, 65. Fig-tree dropping Soma (*plakṣa somasavana*), 172, n. 2, 407. Fire, as an Indo-European deity, 625, 626; as element, 451, 467, 478, 613; carried before host in battle, 161; domestic, 37, 38, 50, 55, 88, 367; in heaven, 621–3; sacrificial, 34, 36, 38, 48, 55, 56, 285–9; used against demons, 241, 243, 287; used for burning dead, 420, 447, 448. Fire altar, 55, 59, 67, 156; *see also* Fire piling. Fire ordeal, 393. Fire-pan, 465, 466. Fire piling, 271, 282, 352, 354–6, 364, 397, 422, n. 2, 440, n. 1, 465–7, and *see* agnicayana. Fire sticks (*araṇi*), Agni's production from, 161. Fires of hell, 410, n. 2. First fruits, 260, 266, 323, 360, 389. First of men, 228–30, 619–21. First principle, 538, 550. Fish, and Manu, 110, 123, 229; caught at marriage rite, 376; not normally offered, 279. Fish-otter, sacrificed to Apāṁ Napāt, 279. Fish symbol, in Christianity, 123, n. 3. Five Adhvaryus, 201, 416, n. 2. Five Bulls, in sky, 201, 202.

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Five-headed snake, 363. Five regular figures, discovered by Theaitetos, 635. Fjörgynn and Fjörgyn, 61, n. 5, 141. Flamen, Roman, 39; Dialis, sanctity of, 276. Flames, as deciding fate of the dead, 410, n. 8. Flesh, restrictions on eating (cf. Hopkins, *Ethics of India*, pp. 160 ff.), 307. Flesh offering, at Aṣṭakās, 429. Flies, Greek offering to the, 194. Flight of Agni, 153, 154. Flood, 25, 111, 229, 621. Food, as designation of earth in CU., 525; left over from meals, offered to Rudra, 145; of the gods, 87. Footprints, man can be injured through, 381; veneration of, 108, n. 4, 389. Forecasting the weather, 392. Forest cattle, Vāyu as lord of, 144, n. 13. Forest fires, wind as producing, 138. Forgiveness of sin, 246, 247. Form, 486, 487, 554, 556, and *see rūpa*. Four ages, 82, n. 9. Four-eyed dog, 344, 346, 406. Four-month sacrifices (*cāturmāsya*), 155, 160, 178, 298, 305, 321-3. Four states of the soul, 567-70. Frank, E., views cited, 635. Frankish kings, long hair of, 343. Fravartiš, Phaortes, 616, n. 1. Fravaši, in Iranian religion, 616. Frazer, Sir J. G., theory of sacrifices, 262. Freedom, as opposed to Determination of the will, 469, 503, 527, 586, 594. Freyr and Freyja, 61, n. 5. Friction, lighting of fire by, 155, n. 1. Friends, duties to, 480. Frogs, in myth and ritual, 141, 294, 302, 381, 386, 390, 420, 434. Full moon, offerings to, 213. Funeral hymn, 256, 282, 418-20; *see also* Disposal of the dead. Furrow, *see* Sītā.

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Gambling, *see* Dicing. Gaṇapati, epithet of Bṛhaspati, 162. Gaṇas, troupes, 242. Gānas, of Sāmaveda, 16. Gandarewa, 34, 180. Gandhabba, in Buddhist belief, 180. Gandhāra, 385, 496. Gandharva, Gandharvas, 8, 24, 34, 72, 76, 82, n. 9, 83, 91, 92, 104, n. 1, 142, 179-84, 199, 213, 214, 218, 327, 375, 376, 402, 456, 470, 482, 520, n. 7, 577; Kali, 478, n. 8; men as, 573. Gāndharva marriage, 373. Gandharvaloka, 179, n. 7, 301. Gandharvanagara, 532, n. 6. Gaṇeça, a deity, 242. Ganges, descent from heaven of the, 173; oath by water of the, 395. Ganymede legend, Indian parallel to, 131, n. 4. Gaotema, in Avesta, 35. Garbe, R., doctrine of Indian origin of Greek philosophy, 601-13. Garbha Upaniṣad, 476, n. 2, 501, 567. Gārgya Bālāki, teacher, 493, 496, 498, 516. Garuḍa, the sun-bird, 109, 190, 381. Garutmant, the sun as, 193. Gate of the heaven, 397, n. 6. Gauḍapāda, author of Māṇḍūkya Kārikā, 501, 503, 505, 512, n. 1, 531, 532, 558, 637, n. 8. Gaulish religion, 39, 233, n. 2; *see also* Celtic religion. Gaumāta, usurper of Persian throne, 615. Gaurī, goddess, 17, n. 3. Gauṣūkti, teacher, 22. Gautama, Gotama, 1, 132, 221, n. 1. Gautama Dharma Sūtra, 29. Gāyatra Sāman, 352. Gazelle form of Uṣas, 208. General character of the Brāhmaṇa philosophy, 440-2. General conceptions, 484. Generality, not denoted by *samaṣṭi*, 506, n. 11. Generalization of activity of Rudra, 145. Generation, as connected with Tvaṣṭṛ, 205. Generative organ (*upastha*), 554, 556, 557, n. 5. Generosity, 250, 477, n. 10, 480, *and see* Gifts. Germanic religion, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 59, 117, n. 3, 121, n. 1, 136, n. 11, 172, n. 2, 178, 193, 258, n. 2, 283, n. 2, 286, n. 2, 287, n. 3, 303, n. 1, 318, n. 4, 322, n. 4, 360, 361, 376, 397, 407, n. 2, 422, n. 5, 448, 571, n. 9, 620, 621, n. 1. Geryoneus, Greek legend of, 38, 127, 235. Ghee, as food of Agni, 154. Ghoṣiṇī, guardian of cattle at pasture, 214. Ghosts, 413, 414, 427. Ghouls of the burial places, 237. Giant, 81; Gandharva as a, 181. Gift theory of sacrifice, 48, 256-60.

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Gifts, 250, 262, 268, 269, 577, 578, 585; *see also* Generosity.

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Girding and ungirding of sacrificer’s wife, 319, 320.

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Girija, a sage, 482.

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Girls, rites affecting as distinct from boys, 369, 378.

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Gītā, 543, *and see* Bhagavadgītā.

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Glacier, Vṛtra as personification of the, 127.

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Glance of snake, as deadly, 387.

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Glory, in Avesta, 135.

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Gnomic hymns, 14.

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Gnostic views, 612.

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Goat, 63, 69, 70, 87, 106, 107, 137, 158, 167, 189, 192, 254, 264, 267, 269, 280, 324, 334, 359, 363, 419, 423, 424.

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Gobhila Gṛhya Sūtra, 28, 375, 429.

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God, 549, 599, 600, *and see* Içvara, Içāna.

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Goddesses, 61; as wives of the gods, 218, 219; of weaving, 214.

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Gods, *see Contents*, Part II.

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Gods and men, 243–51, 460–2, 605.

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Gods by birth, 520, n. 7, 525, n. 1.

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Gods by works, 520, n. 7, 525, n. 1, 573, n. 11.

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Going out of child, ceremony of first, 369.

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Gold, 23, 67, 339, 341, 345, 419, 423.

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Golden figure of a man at piling of fire altar, 354, 355.

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Golden hatchet, used by Bṛhaspati, 162.

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Golden man, in fire altar, 466.

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Golden plate, as sun symbol, 67.

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Good and evil, 248, 574, 596; *see also* Ethics, Evil, *and* Morals.

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Gorgias, dialectic of, 637.

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Gotama Rāhūgaṇa, pioneer of Aryan civilization, 158.

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Gotamas, family of, 196, 227; Indra as the god of the, 127, n. 2; *see also* Gautama.

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Götze, A., on Iranian influence on Greek ideas, 602.

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Gough, A. E., theory of meaning of the Upaniṣads, 509, 592.

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Grace, divine, 579.

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Grahas, planets as, 201.

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Grass, magic rite with, as war spell, 386; of sacrifice, how used, 359, *and see barhis*.

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Grāvagrābha, priest, 252, 253.

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Grāvastut, priest, 298, 329.

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Gṛdhraçīrṣṇī, demoness, 241.

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Great Bear, 201, 416.

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Greece, population of, 628, n. 5.

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Greek fire, alleged reference to, in the Rigveda, 285, n. 8.

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Greek influence, on use of statues of deities, 30, n. 3.

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Greek philosophy, alleged derivation from India, 601–13, 634–7.

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Greek religion, compared with Vedic, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 45, 47, 48, n. 3, 51, 54, 57, 58, 95, 117, 119, 149, n. 2, 194, 257, 259, n. 1, 263, 272, 273, n. 4, 275, 279, n. 5, 280, n. 1, 283, n. 2, 284, n. 2, 287, n. 4, 290, n. 5, 291, 303, n. 2, 318, n. 3, 325, n. 4, 332, n. 4, 346, n. 3, 361, 365, 376, 377, 379, n. 4. 390, n. 7, 419, n. 5, 422, n. 5, 476, 488, 561, 623, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, 631.

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Gṛhamedhin, class of Maruts, 215.

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Gṛhya religion, 93, 177, 213, 270; *see also* Domestic ritual.

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Gṛhya Sūtra, 4, 27, 28, 29, 213, 242.

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Grief, of harlot, &c., 477.

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Gross elements, 537, 554, 613.

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Groups of gods, 221, 222.

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Groves, as places of worship, 39.

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Gudea, Sumerian king, facial aspect of, 10, n. 1.

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Guests, offerings to, 363.

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Guilt banished to Trita, 134; in killing, 131, 477; *see also āgas and enas*.

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Guṇaratna Sūri, 505.

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Guṅgū, goddess, 199.

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Guru, *see* Teacher.

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Hades, in Homer (for a Celtic parallel see H. Meyer, SBA. 1919, pp. 567 ff.), 413.

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Hagia Triada sarkophagos (Dussaud, *Civilisations préhelléniques*, pp. 404 ff.), 415, n. 4.

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Hāhāhūhū, Gandharvas, 214.

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Haimavata, spirit, 242.

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Hair, 353; taboos regarding the, 305–6.

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Hair cutting, 285, 342, 343, 372, 378, 383.

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Hair growing, spells for, 369, n. 2.

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Hair offerings, 268, 324, 428, 430.

v2.c42.138

Hairs of bull, used to feed child, 353, n. 2, 367.

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Hands (*pāṇi*, *hasta*), as organs, 554, 556, 557.

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Hanging of offerings on trees, 55, 56, n. 3, 149, n. 5, 155, 156, n. 3, 287, 322, 361, 365, 385.

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Haṅsa, Agni as, 154.

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Hantrimukha, demon, 240.

v2.c42.143

Hanumant (god of the monsoon: Jacobi, *Das Rāmāyaṇa*, p. 133), 192.

v2.c42.144

Haoma, in Iran, 34, 113, 167, 171, 614.

v2.c42.145

Happiness, *see* Pleasure.

v2.c42.146

Hara, name of Rudra, 144, n. 8, 146, 549.

v2.c42.147

Harahvaiti, 7; *see also* Sarasvatī.

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Hare (*çaça*), shape in moon, identified with Yama, 77, 122, 123, 409, n. 1.

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Hāridrumata, teacher, 496. Hariçcandra, King, 263, 282. Hariyūpīyā, river, 7. Harsh words, 394. Haryakṣa, demon, 240. Hastāmalaka, attributed to Çaṅkara (or comm. only), 504. Hatchet, Agni as a, 154. Headache, spell to remove, 385. Head-hunting, as Indo-European, 267. Hearing (*çrotra*), 453, 484, 553, 554. Heart (*hṛdaya*), 437, 554, 556, n. 8, 564, 566. Hearth, deity of the, 625, 626. Heat (*tapas*), 301, n. 2, 525. Heaven (*svarga*), 34, 177, 406–9, 525, 583, 584, 621–3. Hegel, G. W. F., German philosopher (A.D. 1770–1831), 600. Helene, Greek heroine, 116, 117. Heliolithic culture, alleged, 630. Hell, 409, 410; see also *naraka loka*, *nārakāḥ*. Henotheism, 88, 89. Hephaistos, Greek god of fire, 625, 626, n. 5. Herakleitos, Greek philosopher (c. 500 B.C.), 301, n. 2, 604, 613, 635, 636. Herakles, Greek hero, 38, 235. Herbs, offerings to the, 213. Here, Greek goddess, 50, 117, n. 3, 119, 217, n. 3. Hermes, Greek god (pastoral deity of fertility, CAH. ii. 637), 62, 107, 108, 150, n. 1. Herodotos, Greek historian, 360, 401, 601, 606, 614, 615, n. 2, 626, 635. Hertel, J., theory of Brahman, 447, 448; of heaven, 621–3; of place and age of the Avesta and Rigveda, 614–19. Hesiod, 608. Hestia, Greek goddess of the fire, 37, 161, 625, 626. Highest principle of the Universe, 442–54; *see also* Brahman. Highwaymen, Rudra as patron god of, 150. Himavant, mountain god, 200. Hinduism, 56. Hiraṇyadant Baida, sage, 471. Hiraṇyagarbha, deity, 208, 393, 437, 508, 526, 531, 533, 537. Hiraṇyakeçi Gṛhya Sūtra, 28, 188, 372, 428. Hiraṇyakeçi Çrauta Sūtra, 28. Hissing of Vṛtra, terrifies the gods, 127. Hittites (cf. CAH. ii. 252 ff.), 617, 618. Hole, drawing through a, to rub off evil, 397; in thatch, child taken through, 383; sacrifice through a, 397. Holy lustre (*brahmavarcasa*), as deity, 213. Holy power, *see* Brahman. Home of the gods in heaven, 87, 621–3. Home of the Rigveda, 7, 11, 12; the Brāhmaṇas, 22, 23; the Upaniṣads, 496. Homeric question, 619, n. Homeric religion, 19, 51, 52, 58, 85, 212, 269, 270, 628. Honesty, *see* Truth. Honey, 114, 167, 192, 225; in ritual, 141, 284, 339, 349, 363, 364, 377. Honey cake for Kerberos, 419. Hoof print of horse, cult of, 108, n. 4. Hook, of Indra, 124. Horse, theriomorphic form of gods, 62, 154, 189, 191, 198; victim in ritual, 254, 279, and *see açvamedha*. Horse fetish, 69. Horse-flesh, eating of, 279. Horse sacrifice, 40, 63, 105, 114, 118, 119, 175, 195, 343–7, and *see açvamedha*. Hospitality, 480. Hostile aspect of the Maruts, 152, 153. Hot-milk sacrifice, 332, 333, and *see pravargya*. Hot season, Rudra, as deity of the, 146. Hotṛ, priest, 16, 34, 119, n. 1, 157, 159, 165, n. 7, 207, 226, 252, 253, 254, 297, 298, 315, 319, 320, 324, 328, 336, 351. Hotrakas, priests, 315. Hotrā, 173. House, ceremonies regarding, 363, 364; deities of, 188, and *see Vāstoṣpati*. Householder, as stage of life, 587, 588. Hubert and Mauss, theory of sacrifice, 275–8. Human sacrifice (puruṣamedha), 40, 262–4, 282, 283, 304, 347, 348, 354, 619, 621. Hundred-oared ship, of the Açvins, 115. Hungary, ceremony of royal coronation, 342. Hunger (*açanāyā*), 470, 475, n. 3, 480, 557. Hurā, Avestan drink, similar to Surā, 284. Huyghens, Christian, Dutch scientist (A.D. 1629–95), 635. Hyakinthos, cult origin of legend of, 48, n. 2. Hyena, howl of, 391. Hyle, primitive matter in the Aristotelian system, 533.