Some Jaina Canonical Sutras c8.19

c8.19

The knowledge of substances, qualities and all developments⁶ has been taught by the Jinas. Substance is the substratum of qualities, the qualities are inherent in one substance but the characteristic of developments is that they inhere in substances or qualities. Dharma, adharma, space, time, matter, and souls are the six kinds of substances.¹ *Dharma*, *adharma* and space—each of them is a substance but time, matter, and souls form an infinite number of substances. The characteristic of *dharma* is motion, that of *adharma* is immobility ² and that of space (*ākāśa*) is to make room The characteristic of time is duration (*vartanā*), that of soul is the realization of knowledge, faith, conduct, austerities, energy and realization of its developments The characteristic of matter is sound, darkness, lustre, etc. The characteristic of development is singleness ³