Indian Philosophy v2.c24.s5.82

v2.c24.s5.82

¹ Udayana defines a condition or upādhi as a thing which imparts its own property to another object placed in its vicinity (upa samīpavartini, ādadhāti saṁkrāmayati, svīyaṁ dharmam ity upādhiḥ). The red flower which makes the crystal placed over it look like a ruby by imparting to it its own redness is an upādhi. Cp. Varadarāja's definition, sādhanavyāpakāḥ, sādhyasamavyāptā upādhayaḥ (Tārkikarakṣā). A valid universal must be free from all conditions (nirupādhikaḥ) which are suspected by oneself (śaṁkita) or with which one is charged by one's opponent (samāropita). See also Vācaspati's N.V.T.T., i. 1. 1. In logic, according to Udayana, an upādhi is (1) that which constantly accompanies the middle term, and (2) is accompanied by it, and (3) which does not constantly accompany the major term. Four kinds of upādhis are recognised in Tarkadīpikā. See Athalye : Tarkasaṁgraha, p. 317.