The Doctrine of the Jainas, Described after the Old Sources c11.34.3

c11.34.3

The vow of non-appropriation (*adinn’ādāṇāo ver.*) comprises all that is not expressly given as a present (*adinna*) regardless of its kind and size and wherever it be. Since a monk is not allowed possessions of any kind (s. 5) this merely refers to his outfit and to alms. The exemplifications concern the monk's quarters (§ 147). 4. The vow of chastity (*mehuṇāo ver.*) has, as was mentioned above, an extremely vast effective range. The prescriptions cohering with it do not refer to normal sexuality only, but they frequently also indicate events of sexual pathology. Among the cases resulting from frustrated desires we find the apparitions of godly persons of opposite sex to which either monks, or nuns surrender (K. 5, 1-4). 5. The vow of being void of property (*pariggahāo ver.*) concerns the abandonment of all one’s belongings down to the smallest item including even the preservation of food for later use. The outfit necessary for monks and nuns is not considered as property (Dasav. 6, 20 ff.). The desire for possessing something is roused by pleasant impressions forcing themselves on the five senses. That is why the five interpretations of this vow demand indifference towards them as well as towards their negations which on their part naturally rouse desires, if only in the direction of warding off temptations.¹