The Doctrine of the Jainas, Described after the Old Sources c11.82.3

c11.82.3

Its characteristics are purity and renunciation in all external affairs and the absence of emotions and confusions; it refers to forbearance, abandonment (§ 174), candour and humility; its moods are governed by avāya, asubha, aṇantavīiyā, and vipariṇāma, i.e. by the thoughts directed to aberrations, evil things, the endless number of existences, and the perpetual transformation. By asubha the internal impurity of the body may be meant. Rather than by all these more or less colourless expressions we come to understand the nature of and the way how to practise the sukka jhāṇa more clearly by being given an account of its paḍoyāra. This kind of meditation is concerned with one individual object within the range of the śruta-jñāna meditated upon in either some or only one of its conditions (paryāya), so that, accordingly, we have either the puhatta-viyakka (for the object is taken "for itself") sukka jh. or the egatta-viyakka sukka jhāna.¹ Acc. to T. 9, 45 viyakka (vitarka)=śruta. In the first case there may be a transition (vicāra) leading from the meditation on one object to that of another, in the second consciousness continues to concentrate on one, and, accordingly, saviyāri and aviyāri are added to the two viyakka. Here, moreover, the pure meditation is gradated into suhuma-kiriya s. jh. and samucchinna-kiriya sukka jhāna. In the first there is but very little activity left, in the latter none at all.