Education in Ancient India c7.s8.9

c7.s8.9

*Tols*: Before concluding this chapter, it will be necessary to refer to *Tols* or Sanskrit schools which are still fairly numerous in Bengal, Bihar and United Provinces. From very early times, *Tols* have enjoyed grants of land, on which their teachers and pupils subsisted. These grants were augmented in value and new ones were created when the Zemindars felt themselves secure by the Permanent Settlement of Cornwallis¹. Where there was no specific endowment, the village Pandit used to arrange for the free boarding, lodging and clothing of his students by collecting the necessary funds by raising subscriptions at chief fairs and festivals, and from rich charitable persons. *Tols* thus are a variety of the *Agrahāra* type of educational institutions.