Education in Ancient India c9.1

c9.1

Primary education why not important in early times—It did not include the 3 R's before *c.* 1000 B. C.—Reading and writing included in it in the first millennium B. C.—Obligatory Upanayana helps the spread of literacy—The curriculum and agencies of primary education—The time of its commencement—Methods of teaching—Primary schools and teachers—Extent of literacy—Vernacular education—Literacy at *c.* 1800 A. D.