Mathematics in Ancient and Medieval India c10.40

c10.40

Abul Qāsim ( Ghulam Hussain ), son of Fath M. Al-Karbala-i wrote his *Jami’i Bahādur Khānī*¹ in 1834 A. D. He was born at Jaunpur in 1790-91 A. D. and had his lesson in mathematics under his father and some contemporary scholars in mathematics. He spent most of his time with the princes of Benares and Murshidabad The work is devoted to mathematics and astronomy in six chapters viz. science of geometry, optics, arithmetics, practical gemoetry dealing with the measurement and division of circle, heavenly bodies, horoscope and calendar. The work starts with the element of geometry and arithmetic according to Hindus, then European methods of decimal fractions, logarithms, trigonometrical tables and then gives a system of astronomy first according to Hindus, then according to Ptolemy, then according to Copernicus together with an account of astronomical instruments and calculations on astronomical almanacs. The copies of manuscripts are available in the Asiatic Society of Bengal, State Central Library, Salarjung Library, Hyderabad. He wrote several other works viz. *Sharzhala Tahrīr-i Uqlīdas* (commentaries to Euclid) and *al-Mijisṭī* (commentary to *Almagest* of Ptolemy ). *Anīsu’l-Aḥbāb* *fi Bayān-i Masā'il-i Usṭurlāb* (commentary on the Bahāud-dīn Āmulī's treatise on *Sufaiḥah*), *Iṣṭilāḥātu't Taqwin* (on compilation of almanacs) and *Zīj-i-Bahādur Khānī* (on astronomical tables).