Mathematics in Ancient and Medieval India c8.s3.81

c8.s3.81

i) *bhūjakhaṇḍa* or sine difference of 1st order $= (R cos x dx)/R$ ii ) *koṭikhaṇḍa* or cosine difference of 1st order $= (R sin x dx)/R$ Now the difference between any two *bhūjakhaṇḍas* = Sine difference of the second order = koṭikhaṇḍa × dx/R = R sin x ((dx)²)/(R²)