Mathematics in Ancient and Medieval India c9.41

c9.41

Then x' − x = the mean motion (*madhyagati*) of the planet, y' − y = the motion of the mean anomaly (*manda-kendra*), and u' − u = true motion (*sphuṭagati*) of the planet. Now according to Bhāskara II, the equation of the orbit on the first day = (a sin y)/R when R = radius.