History of Technology in India, Vol. I: From Antiquity to c. 1200 A.D. v1.c13.8

v1.c13.8

| Period | Cultural History of India | | | Introduction of Metals and Technology |
| Year | North | Central | South | |
| 1 M to 6000 B.C. | Pre-Harappan Aryans | Most probably Dravidian culture | Neolithic and Chalcolithic | Native Metal Au, Cu |
| 4000 B.C. | | | “ | Au, Cu and possibly Meteoric Iron |
| 2500 B.C. | Indus Valley Civilization (Glazed Pottery Culture) | Neolithic Culture | | Ag, Pb, As and Copper Alloys, Foundry Technology |
| 1500-2000 B.C. | Aryan Culture (Vedic Period) | Dravidian and Aryan Interaction | | Iron Age Culture, Steel and Metal Working Tech., Distillation |
| 600 B.C. | Rise of Magadh | — | — | Amalgamation, Soldering, Brass Gilding etc. |
| 500 B.C. | Persian Conquest and Buddhist Period | — | — | May be Wootz Steel (Matter and Atomic Theory) |
| 321-184 B.C. | Mauryan Dynasty Chandra Gupta and Ashoka Empire | — | — | Cupellation and other refining technology |
| B.C. | | Ayurvedic period | | — |
| O Christian era A.D. | | | | |
| 319-606 A.D. | Gupta Dynasty | — | Pallavas | Commercial scale Zn, Brass, Cireperdue Process of Casting |
| 600-710 A.D. | Invasion of Huns | — | Chalukyas and Chola Empire | Extensive use of Iron, Steel, Hg, Zn etc. |
| 1000 A.D. | Afghan’s Raid | — | — | -do- |
| 1100 A.D. | — | — | Hoysala | Brass and Bronze castings. |
| 1300-1572 | Mughal Sultanate | — | Vijayanagar | Bronze Guns and Metal craft |
| 1498 to 1707 A.D. | “ | Portugese in India, Mughals, Maratha | Industrialization of Iron, Steel, Brass and Bronze | |
| 1605-1761 A.D. | British Empire | — | French in India, War with Tipu Sultan | Modern Metal Tech. Iron Guns |