History of Technology in India, Vol. I: From Antiquity to c. 1200 A.D. v1.c24.s1.8

v1.c24.s1.8

The Vedic terms for a plough are *lāngala* and *sīra*. It was made of hard wood like *Khadira* and *Udumbaras*⁵. *Sīra* (plough) was attached to *īṣā* (pole) with a *yuga* (yoke) attached at its upper side. It is debated whether the Vedic people themselves introduced plough or borrowed it from the Harappans. The term *lāngala* is given a Muṇḍā origin⁶, though an Indo-European association has also been suggested (Wojtilla, pp.27-37)