History of Technology in India, Vol. I: From Antiquity to c. 1200 A.D. v1.c29.s1.t4.15

v1.c29.s1.t4.15

*Warangal* (Andhra Pradesh): This is a unique circular city dating back to 12th century, when it was founded by Gaṇapatideva a prominent Kākatīya ruler. The city is defined by three concentric circles of fortifications. The outer two are of earthen rampart, protected by a moat. Four arched stone gateways are positioned at cardinal points. The inner circle is entirely limit of stone. The four gateways in these walls have large double-bent entrances; door frames and balustrades are typical features of the Kākatīya period. The four roads of the city converge on a ruined temple in the middle. Four free- standing portals leading into the temple still stand.