History of Technology in India, Vol. I: From Antiquity to c. 1200 A.D. v1.c29.s1.t4.3

v1.c29.s1.t4.3

Fortifications have been brought to light by archaeological excavations at Eran, Kausambi, Rajghat (Kāsī), Ujjain, Old Rajgir, New Rajgir, Campā, Śrāvasti, Ahicchatra, Vaiśāli, Śiśupālgarh, Pātaliputra (here wooden defensive wall has been partly traced) and Taxila etc. The fortification walls have a large circuit: 6.5 km at Kauśāmbi, 5 km at New Rajgir (old Rajgir has a circuit of 40 km stone fortification but its date is not confirmed, it ought to be of the days of Bimbisāra). These fortification are not strictly planned. However the fortification of Śiśupālgarh, Sirkap and Taxila are well planned. At Rajgir and Mathura there were inner protection enclosures. Śiśupālgarh has later fortification. Most mud fortifications have partial or fully baked brick revetment.