Minerals and Metals in Ancient India v2.c45.s1.7

v2.c45.s1.7

*Māraṇa* means killing or oxidation of metal from which metal can be regenerated (*utthāpana*) (8.39). If the metal is oxidised irreversibly, then it is called *apunarbhava* (8.29). Removal of a metallic impurity by blowing through a bent pipe (*vaṅkanāla*) in a way it is converted to an oxide scum is called *tāḍana* (8.32).