Minerals and Metals in Ancient India v2.c45.s12: Extracts from Rasaratnasamuccaya: On different kinds of Iron (ayas) — muṇḍa, tīkṣṇa and kānta
Minerals and Metals in Ancient India v2.c45.s12
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Extracts from Rasaratnasamuccaya: On different kinds of Iron (ayas) — muṇḍa, tīkṣṇa and kānta
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Rasaratnasamuccaya
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अथायः— मुण्डं तीक्ष्णं च कान्तं च त्रिप्रकारमयः स्मृतम्।
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*athāyaḥ* *muṇḍaṁ tīkṣṇaṁ ca kāntaṁ ca triprakāramayaḥ smṛtam* ।
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अथ मुण्डम्— मृदु कुण्ठं कड़ारं च त्रिविधं मुण्डमुच्यते।।70।। द्रुतद्रावमविस्फोटं चिक्कणं मृदु तच्छुभम्। हतं यत्प्रसरेद्दुःखात् तत्कुण्ठं मध्यमं स्मृतम्।। यद्धतं भज्यते भङ्गे कृष्णं स्यात्तत्कड़ारकम्।।71-72।।
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*atha muṇḍam* — *mṛdu kuṇṭhaṁ kaḍāraṁ ca trividhaṁ muṇḍamucyate* ।। 70 ।।
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*drutadrāvamavisphotam cikkanam mrdu tacchubham* | *hatam yatprasaredduḥkhāt tatkuntham madhyamam smṛtam* || 71-72 || अथ तीक्ष्णम्— . . . षड्विधं तीक्ष्णमुच्यते || 75 || परुषं पोगरोन्मुक्तं भङ्गे पारदवच्छवि। नमने भङ्गुरं यत् तत् खरलोहमुदाहृतम्||76|| वेगभङ्गुरधारं यत् सारलोहं तदीरितम्||78|| *atha tīkṣṇam* — . . . *ṣaḍvidhaṃ tīkṣṇamucyate* || 75 || *paruṣaṃ pogaronmuktaṃ bhaṅge pāradavacchavi* | *namane bhaṅguraṃ yat tat kharalohamudāhṛtam* || 76 || *vegabhaṅguradhāraṃ yat sāraloham tadīritam* || 78 || अथ कान्तम्— भ्रामकं चुम्बकं चैव कर्षकं द्रावकं तथा। एवं चतुर्विधं कान्तं रोमकान्तं च पञ्चमम्।। एकद्वित्रिचतुःपञ्चसर्व्वतोमुखमेव तत्। पीतं कृष्णं तथा रक्तं त्रिवर्णं स्यात् पृथक् पृथक्।।84-85।। भ्रामयेल्लोहजातं तु तत् कान्तं भ्रामकं मतम्।। चुम्बयेच्चुम्बकं कान्तं कर्षयेत् कर्षकं तथा। साक्षाद्यदद्रावयेल्लोहं तत् कान्तं द्रावकं भवेत्।। तदरोमकान्तं स्फुटितादयतो रोमोद्गमो भवेत्।।88-89।। मदोन्मत्तगजः सूतः कान्तमङ्कुशमुच्यते।। क्षेत्रं खात्वा ग्रहीतव्यं तत्प्रयत्लेन धीमता। मारुतातपविक्षिप्तं वर्जयेन्नात्र संशयः।।92-93।। पात्रे यस्य प्रसरति जले तैलबिन्दुर्न लिप्तं गन्धं हिङ्गु त्यजति च तथा तिक्तां निम्बकल्कः।। पाके दुग्धं भवति शिखराकारकं नैति भूमिं कान्तं लोहं तदिदमुदितं लक्षणोक्तं न चान्यत्।।94।। *atha kāntam* — *bhrāmakaṃ cumbakaṃ caiva karṣakaṃ drāvakaṃ tathā* | *evaṃ caturvidhaṃ kāntaṃ romakāntaṃ ca pañcamam* || *ekadvitricatuḥpañcasarvvatomukhameva tat* || *pītaṃ kṛṣṇaṃ tathā raktaṃ trivarṇaṃ syāt pṛthak pṛthak* || 84-85 ||
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bhrāmayellohajātaṁ tu tat kāntaṁ bhrāmakaṁ matam ||
cumbayeccumbakaṁ kāntaṁ karṣayet karṣakaṁ tathā ||
sākṣādyaddrāvayellohaṁ tat kāntaṁ drāvakaṁ bhavet || 88-89 ||
tadromakāntaṁ sphuṭitādyato romodgamo bhavet || 88-89 ||
madonmattagajaḥ sūtaḥ kāntamaṅkuśamucyate ||
kṣetraṁ khātvā grahitavyaṁ tatprayatnena dhīmatā |
mārutātapabikṣiptaṁ varjayennātra saṁśayaḥ || 92-93 ||
pātre yasya prasarati jale tailabindurna liptam |
gandhaṁ hiṅgu tyajati ca tathā tiktatāṁ nimbakalkaḥ |
pāke dugdhaṁ bhavati śikharākārakaṁ naiti bhumim ||
kāntaṁ lohaṁ tadidamuditaṁ lakṣaṇoktaṁ na cānyat || 94 ||
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Biswas, Arun Kumar, 1987, ‘Rasaratnasamuccaya and Mineral Processing State-of-art in the 13th century AD India’, In Indian Journal of History of Science, 22, 1, 1987, pp. 29-46.
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De, S., and Chattopadhyaya, P.K., 1989, ‘Iron Objects from Pandurajar Dhibi’, In Steel India, Vol. 12, no.1, April 1989, pp. 33-41.
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Pant, G.N., 1985, ‘The Saga of Indian Damascus Steel’, In Scientific and Technological Exchanges between India and Soviet Central Asia, Indian National Science Academy, pp. 203-16.
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Prakash, B., and Igaki, K., 1984, ‘Ancient Iron Making in Bastar District’, In Indian Journal of History of Science, 19(2), pp. 172-85.
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Rasaratnasamuccaya of Vāgbhaṭa, Ānandāśrama Press, Pune; text and translation in English by Joshi, Damodar, Indian National Science Academy, serially published in Indian Journal of History of Science, 22, 2, April 1987 Supplement.
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Ray, Priyadaranjan, 1956, History of Chemistry in Ancient and Medieval India (edited), Indian Chemical Society, Calcutta, incorporating History of Hindu Chemistry, 1908, by Ray, Prafulla Chandra. Partial translation and text of Rasaratnasamuccaya, pp. 165-95 and 371-403.
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Sherby, O.D., and Wadsworth, J., 1985, ‘Damascus Steels’, In Scientific American, Feb., 1985, pp. 112-20.
Linked texts (1)
- Rasaratnasamuccaya — Vāgbhaṭa (alchemist), Sanskrit