Minerals and Metals in Ancient India v2.c46.s4.3

v2.c46.s4.3

Pāṇini stressed on proof (pramāṇa), original discoveries of knowledge ‘which had not existed’ (upajñā) and their applications (upakrama). Kauṭilya stressed on accurate measurements and standardisation in trade and commerce. Whereas the followers of Manu considered philosophy to be a subject subserving the Vedic lores (Arthaśāstra of Kauṭilya, 1.2.2-3), Kauṭilya asserted that ānvīkṣiki or investigative philosophy was supposed to investigate, by means of reasoning, not only the hazards of economics and politics, but also dharmādharmau trayyām ‘What is spiritual good and evil in the Vedic lore’ (AS, 1.2.11). It was boldly proclaimed that :