History of Hindu Mathematics: A Source Book v1.c7.s3.8

v1.c7.s3.8

It is believed that some time before the beginning of the Christian era, there was a renaissance of Hindu *Gaṇita*.⁷ The effect of this revival on the scope of *gaṇita* was great. Astronomy (*jyotiṣa*) became a separate subject and geometry (*kṣetra-gaṇita*) came to be included within its scope. The subjects treated in the Hindu *Gaṇita* of the early renaissance period consisted of the following:¹ *Parikarma* ("fundamental operations"), *Vyavahâra* ("determinations"), *Rajju* ("rope," meaning geometry), *Râśi* ("rule of three"), *Kalâsavarṇa* ("operations with fractions"), *Yâvat tâvat* ("as many as," meaning simple equations), *Varga* ("Square," meaning quadratic equations), *Ghana* ("Cube", meaning cubic equations), *Varga-varga* (biquadratic equations) and *Vikalpa* ("permutations and combinations").