History of Hindu Mathematics: A Source Book v1.c8.s1.28

v1.c8.s1.28

“All arithmetical operations resolve into two categories though usually considered to be four.² The two main categories are increase and decrease. Addition is increase and subtraction is decrease. These two varieties of operations permeate the whole of mathematics (*gaṇita*). So previous teachers have said: ‘Multiplication and evolution are particular kinds of addition; and division and involution of subtraction. Indeed every mathematical operation will be recognised to consist of increase and decrease.’ Hence the whole of this science should be known as consisting truly of these two only.”