History of Hindu Mathematics: A Source Book v1.c8.s13.83

v1.c8.s13.83

**Other Types of Commercial Problems.** Of various other types of commercial problems found in the Hindu works may be mentioned (1) problems on partnership and proportionate division, and (2) problems relating to the calculation of the fineness of gold.² Most of these problems are essentially of an algebraic character, but they are included in *pâṭîgaṇita* (arithmetic). The formulæ giving the solution of each type of examples precede the examples. These formulæ are too numerous to be mentioned. The following examples, however, will illustrate the nature and the scope of such problems: