History of Hindu Mathematics: A Source Book v1.c8.s2.9

v1.c8.s2.9

¹ *L*, p. 2; direct (*krama*), *i.e.*, beginning from the units place; inverse (*utkrama*), *i.e.*, beginning from the last place on the left. The commentator Gaṅgâdhara says: *aṅkânâṃ vâmatogatiriti vitarkeṇa ekasthânâdi yojanam kramaḥ utkramastu antyasthânâdi yojanam*, *i.e.*, "According to the rule 'the numerals increase (in value) towards the left', the addition of units first is the direct method, the addition of figures in the last place first is the inverse method."