History of Hindu Mathematics: A Source Book v1.c8.s4.17

v1.c8.s4.17

Śrîdhara mentions four methods of multiplication: (1) *kapâṭa-sandhi*, (2) *tastha*, (3) *rûpa-vibhâga* and (4) *sthâna-vibhâga*. Mahâvîra mentions the same four. Âryabhaṭa II mentions only the common method of *kapâṭa-sandhi*. Bhâskara II, besides the above four, mentions Brahmagupta's method of *iṣṭa-guṇana*. The five methods given by Bhâskara II were mentioned earlier by Śrîpati in the *Siddhânta-śekhara*. Gaṇeśa¹ (1545) mentions the gelosia method of multiplication under the name of *kapâṭa-sandhi* and adds that the intelligent can devise many more methods of multiplication. The method is also given in the *Gaṇita-mañjarî*. We have designated it as *kapâṭa-sandhi (b)*.