History of Hindu Mathematics: A Source Book v2.c17.s1.18

v2.c17.s1.18

**Distinction from Arithmetic.** What distinguishes algebra from arithmetic, according to the Hindus, will be found to some extent in their special names. Both deal with symbols. But in arithmetic the values of the symbols are *vyakta*, that is, known and definitely determinate, while in algebra they are *avyakta*, that is, unknown, indefinite. The relation between these two branches of *gaṇita* is considered by Bhâskara II to be this: