Bharatiya Jyotihshastra (History of Indian Astronomy), translated by R. V. Vaidya v2.c12.s10.53

v2.c12.s10.53

When the nakṣatra Aśvinī is transiting the meridian, the ascendant at the time is 102° (that is to say 12° of Cancer have risen at that time). It thus gives the degrees of the ascendant in the case of 28 nakṣatras. The time should be determined by the useful method of finding the (unknown) time when the ascendant is given. This quotation is based on the numerical code (Page 97) of Āryabhaṭa II, in which the consonants ka, ta, pa, ya, etc. indicate numerals; but in addition to these the vowels a,ā, i,ī,u,ū,e,ai, o,au, also indicate the natural numbers from 1 to 9 and 0 respectively. The Muhurtasindhu by Gaṇeśa Daivajña contains* three verses having the same meaning. The numbers indicating ascending degrees have been given in it by usual method, and it has been mentioned there that these are true for a place of Palabha 4, and that for other places these values would vary. From this and also from the fact that the village of Chaul is very near to Nandagaon where Gaṇeśa Daivajña lived, it appears that the quotation ‘Khau, kha, ja’ etc. and nakṣatras known to the Vaidic Brāhmaṇa mentioned above must have been handed** down traditionally from Gaṇeśa Daivajña.