Studies in the Medicine of Ancient India, Part I: Osteology, or the Bones of the Human Body c6.s1.t1.3

c6.s1.t1.3

4. 60 phalanges (*aṅguli*) in the hands and feet.
5. 20 long bones (*śalākā*) of the hands and feet.
6. 4 bases of the long bones (*śalāk-ādhiṣṭhāna*).
7. 2 heels (*pārṣṇi*).
8. 4 ankle-bones (*gulpha*) of the two feet.¹
9. 2 wrist-bones (*maṇika*) of the two hands.¹
10. 4 bones of the two forearms (*aratni*).
11. 4 bones of the two legs (*jaṅgha*).
12. 2 knee-caps (*jānu*).
13. 2 elbow-pans (*jānu-kapālikā*).¹
14. 2 hollow bones (*nalaka*) of the two thighs (*ūru*).
15. 2 hollow bones (*nalaka*) of the two arms (*bāhu*). 16 *a*. 2 shoulders (*aṃsa*). 16 *b*. 2 shoulder-blades (*aṃsa-phalaka*).
17. 2 collar-bones (*akṣaka*).
18. 1 windpipe (*jatru*).
19. 2 palatal cavities (*tāl-ūṣaka*).
20. 2 hip-blades (*śroṇi-phalaka*).
21. 1 pubic bone (*bhag-āsthi*).
22. 45 back-bones (*pṛṣṭha-gat-āsthi*).
23. 15 bones of the neck (*grīvā*).
24. 14 bones of the breast (*uras*). 25 *a*. 24 ribs (*pārśvaka*) in the two sides. 25 *b*. 24 sockets (*sthālaka*) of the ribs. 25 *c*. 24 tubercles (*arbuda*) fitting into the sockets.
26. 1 (lower) jaw-bone (*hanv-asthi*), or chin.
27. 2 basal tie-bones of the (lower) jaw (*hanu-mūla-bandhana*).
28. 1 bone constituting the nose, prominences of the cheeks, and brows (*nāsikā-gaṇḍakūṭa-lalāṭa*).
29. 2 temples (*śaṅkha*).
30. 4 cranial pan-shaped bones (*śiraḥ-kapāla*).