Studies in the Medicine of Ancient India, Part I: Osteology, or the Bones of the Human Body c7.s3.t2.7.2

c7.s3.t2.7.2

and then, enumerating them, he mentions among their number some which are situated in the windpipe (*kaṇṭhanāḍī*) and others in the cervical column (*grīvā*). Here we have Suśruta employing the term *jatru* as synonymous with *grīvā*, neck, in a general way, and, again, specializing, he uses *grīvā* for the posteriorly-lying cervical column, but *kaṇṭhanāḍī* for the anteriorly-lying windpipe. Similarly Vāgbhaṭa II (in his *Aṣṭāṅga-Hṛdaya*, II. 4, verse 2, in 1st ed., vol. I, p. 592), speaking of the same thirty-seven vital spots, says that they are situated *ūrdhvaṃ jatroḥ*, or upwards of the neck, using *jatru* synonymously with *grīvā*. Again in the fifth chapter of the Pathological Section (*Nidāna Sthāna*), speaking of the rheumatic disease *manyā-stambha*, or rigidity of the neck, Suśruta says (Jīv. ed., p. 249, verse 69) *grīvā apavartate*, ‘the neck becomes awry.’ Similarly Charaka, or rather Dṛḍhabala¹ (VI. 26, verse 41a, Jīv. ed., 1896, p. 775), referring to the same disease, says grīvā antar-āyamyate, ‘the neck becomes bent inward.’ On the other hand, Vāgbhaṭa I (Aṣṭāṅga Saṃgraha, III. 15, vol. I, p. 300, last line, quoted by Vāgbhaṭa II in Aṣṭāṅga Hṛdaya, III. 15, verse 22, in 1st ed., vol. I, p. 831), says jatrur-āyamyate.¹ This shows that grīvā and jatru are synonymous terms. Again, in the thirteenth chapter of the same section, speaking of the Valmīka disease,² Suśruta tells us (Jīv. ed., p.