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Studies in the Medicine of Ancient India, Part I: Osteology, or the Bones of the Human Body c7.s7.t1: § 94. Suśruta and Vāgbhaṭa on the Muscles

Studies in the Medicine of Ancient India, Part I: Osteology, or the Bones of the Human Body c7.s7.t1

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§ 94. Suśruta and Vāgbhaṭa on the Muscles

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1. The statement of Suśruta on the number of the muscles, in Śārīra Sthāna, ch. V, cl. 33, referred to in § 40, and edited from Bd¹ (fol. 21 b), Bd² (fol. 20 b), IO² (fol. 24 a)², and EJ (p. 334), runs as follows:

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¹ The Bombay edition omits kūrpara, as well as udara and uras; probably owing to defective manuscripts. The missing items are required by the context, as well as by the fact that the whole passage is obviously a copy from the statement (§ 88) in the Compendium of Suśruta.

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² Unfortunately MS. IO¹ (fl. 18 b) is defective at this point, omitting the whole of the text from JE, p. 333, l. 11, to p. 334, l. 11.

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Pañca peśī-śatāni bhavanti | tāsāṁ catvāri śatāni śākhāsu | koṣṭhe ṣaṭṣaṣṭiḥ | grīvāṁ praty-ūrdhvaṁ catustrimśat ||

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There are five hundred muscles. Four hundred of them are in the (four) extremities. In the trunk there are sixty-six. Upwards from the neck there are thirty-four.

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2. The statement in the commentary of Ḍallaṇa, extracted from Jīvānanda’s edition, p. 578, runs as follows:

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‘Pañca peśī-śatāni’ ity-ādi | māms-āvayava-saṁghātaḥ parasparaṁ vibhaktaḥ peśī ity-ucyate | Gayī tu ‘koṣṭhe ṣaṣṭiḥ | grīvāṁ praty-ūrdhvaṁ catvāriṁśad’iti paṭhati | . . . . . | vṛddha-Vāgbhaṭo ’pi koṣṭhe ṣaṣṭim=ev=āha ||

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*Translation.*

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With reference to ‘the five hundred muscles’, the compact mass of flesh, when separated into its several strands, is called muscle. Gayī (or Gayadāsa), however, reads: ‘in the trunk there are sixty; from the neck upwards there are forty.’ . . . . . Vāgbhaṭa the elder, also, says that there are sixty in the trunk.

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3. The statement of Vāgbhaṭa I, on the same subject, extracted from the Bombay edition, vol. I, p. 225, ll. 20, 21, runs as follows:

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Pañca peśī-śatāni | tāsāṁ catvāri śatāni śākhāsu | ṣaṣṭir=antarādhau | catvāriṁśad=ūrdhvam ||

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*Translation.*

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There are five hundred muscles. Four hundred of them are in the (four) extremities. Sixty there are in the trunk; forty there are upwards (of it).

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§ 95. *Statement of Suśruta on Dissection*

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The statement on dissection in the Compendium of Suśruta, referred to in § 45, is edited from the following materials:

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1. Bd¹ = Bodleian MS., No. 1092 (Hultzsch 349).
2. Bd² = ,, MS., No. 739 (Wilson 290).

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3. IO¹ = India Office MS., No. 72 b (Cat. No. 2645).
4. IO² = ,, ,, MS., No. 1842 (Cat. No. 2646).
5. EG = Edition of Mudhusudana Gupta (Calcutta).
6. EJ = ,, of Jīvānanda (1889, pp. 335-6).
7. EP = ,, of Prabhuram Jivanaram (Bombay). It is translated in § 45, and runs as follows: Tvak-paryantasya dehasya yo 'yam=aṅga-viniścayaḥ | ¹śalya-jñānadṛte ²naiṣa varṇyate 'ṅgeṣu keṣu-cit || 43 || Tasmān=niḥsaṃśayaṃ jñānaṃ hartrā śalyasya vāñchatā ³ | śodhayitvā ⁴ mṛtaṃ samyag=draṣṭavyo 'ṅga-viniścayaḥ || 44 || Pratyakṣato hi yad=dṛṣṭaṃ śāstra-dṛṣṭaṃ ca yad=bhavet | ⁵ samāsatas=tad=ubhayaṃ bhūyo jñāna-vivardhanam || 45 || Tasmāt=samasta-gātram=a-viṣ-opahatam=⁶a-dīrgha-vyādhi-pīḍitam⁷a-varṣa-śatikaṃ niṣkṛṣṭ-āntra⁸-purīṣaṃ puruṣam=a-vahan-tyām=āpagāyāṃ nibaddhaṃ pañjara-sthaṃ ⁹ muñja-vaikala-kuśa-śaṇ-ādīnām=anyatamena āveṣṭit-āṅgam¹⁰a-prakāśe deśe kothayet | samyak-prakuthitaṃ c=oddhṛtya tato dehaṃ sapta-rātrād=usīra-bāla-veṇu-valkala¹¹-kūrcānām¹²anyatamena śanaiḥ śanair=avaghṛṣya ¹³ tvag-ādīn=sarvān=eva vāhy-ābhyantar-āṅga-pratyaṅga-viśeṣān=yath-oktān lakṣayec=cakṣuṣā ||

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³ Bd², IO² jñānam=icchatā śalya-jīvinā.

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⁴ Bd², IO² dhāvayitvā.

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⁵ IO¹ samāsena dvayaṃ tat=tu tayor=jñāna-vivardhanam; IO² samāgataṃ dvayaṃ cakṣu bhūyo-jñāna-vivardhanam.

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⁶ IO¹ adīrgham=avyādhikaṃ, om. avarṣaśatikam.

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⁷ IO² inserts ahīnam after pīḍitam.

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⁸ So Bd², IO²; but EJ, EG niḥsṛṣṭāntra; IO¹ niḥkṛṣyāmbu, om. purīṣam; EP niḥsṛṣṭa-mūtra.

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⁹ IO¹ pañjar-ākhyam.

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¹⁰ Bd² veṣṭit-āṅga-pratyaṅgam.

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¹¹ Bd² valkaja.

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¹² So IO¹.², but EG, EJ, EP kūcīnām.

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¹³ So IO¹.²; but BD² gharṣayan; EG, EJ, EP avagharṣayan.

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