Indian Medicine (Medicin), translated by C. G. Kashikar c12.43

c12.43

painless, abundent and waterlike. 2. ikṣumeha, ikṣurasameha, kāṇḍekṣurasameha. The urine is very sweet, cold, somewhat sticky, cloudy and resembles the juice of sugarcane. 3. sāndrameha, viscous urine. If the urine stands in a vessel, it becomes viscous. 4. surāmeha, sāndraprasādameha. The urine is like brandy or a sticky decoction. It resembles the spirituous drink Surā, is clear on the upper surface and viscous below. 5. piṣṭameha, suklameha. The urine is plenty and white like water mixed with flour, the passing of urine is painful. 6. śukrameha. The urine appears like sperm or is mixed with it. 7. śītameha. The urine is very cold, sweet and plenty. In place of this Susruta has lavaṇameha— white urine appearing like salt-water. 8. śanairmeha. The urine passes quite gradually. 9. sikatāmeha. The urine is mixed with sandy and tiny impurities, the passing of urine is painful. 10. lālāmeha, phenameha. The urine is phlegmatic or frothy, containing saliva or threads and passes only in small quantity ( Albumeinrhne ? ). Six kinds are caused by pitta : 11. kṣārameha. The urine resembles alkali (water with potash) in smell, colour, taste and touch. 12. kālameha, black urine. The urine is black like ink. AS has instead amlameha that smells and tastes like buttermilk. 14. nīlameha. The urine is blue, clear and acid. 14. soṇitameha, raktameha, lohitameha. The urine is bad smelling, hot, saltish and bloodlike. 15. mañjiṣṭhāmeha. The urine is (bright-red) like water mixed with Indian madder and very strong smelling. 16. haridrāmeha. The urine is (yellow) like water mixed with turmeric and is very bad-smelling. By vāta are caused four kinds: 17. vasāmeha. The urine is mixed with fat or looks like fat. 18. majjāmeha. The urine looks like marrow or is mixed with marrow. Su has instead sarpirmeha in which the urine looks like or is mixed with clarified butter. 19. Hastimeha. The patient passes continuous cloudy urine like a mad elephant. 20. madhumeha, kṣaudrameha. The urine is astringent, sweet, whitish and tīkṣṇa. This along with ikṣumeha ( see above ) is the sugar-diabetes, diabetes mellitus, and according to this Indians were conversant with the sweet taste of diabetic urine earlier than any other people ( Haser ). The madhumeha already comes in the oldest medical books like Bower MS and Caraka.