A History of Indian Medical Literature v1.c23.18

v1.c23.18

Surgical treatment (karman) consists of three stages: pūrvakarman (preliminary measures), pradhānakarman (principal measures) and paścātkarman (after-treatment) ¹⁷ (5.3). Surgical procedures (śastrakarman) are of eight kinds: chedya (excision), bhedya (incision), lekhya (scarification), vedhya (puncturing), eṣya (probing), āhārya (extraction), visrāvya (drainage), and sīvya (suturing) ¹⁸ (5.5).