A History of Indian Medical Literature v1.c24.81

v1.c24.81

Chapter two (jvaranidāna) deals with: the origin and general features of fever (jvara) (2.1–2);¹⁷ the eight types of fever (2.3a–c);¹⁸ its pathogenesis (2.3cd–6ab);¹⁹ its prodromes (2.6cd–10ab);²⁰ the symptoms of fever caused by vāta (2.10cd–18ab),²¹ pitta (2.18cd–20)²² and kapha (2.21–22);²³ the periods of time at which a fever begins and increases (2.23ab);²⁴ causative factors of a particular fever should be regarded as anupaśaya, their opposites as upaśaya (2.23cd);²⁵ the symptoms of fever by two doṣas in general (2.23ef);²⁶ the symptoms of fever by vāta and pitta (2.24),²⁷ vāta and kapha (2.25),²⁸ kapha and pitta (2.26);²⁹ the symptoms of fever caused by the three doṣas collectively (saṃnipātajvara),³⁰ also called abhinyāsa and hṛtaujas (2.27–33);³¹ features making a fever incurable or difficult to cure (2.34);³² fevers in which a burning sensation (dāha) or shivering (śīta) occurs in an early or, respectively, a late stage (2.35–37);³³ the four kinds of exogenous (āgantu) fever: caused by abhighāta (trauma), abhiṣaṅga, śāpa (curses), and abhicāra (magic); the four varieties of abhighāta; vāta corrupts blood in a traumatic fever; the symptoms of a traumatic fever; abhiṣaṅga includes possession (āveśa) by a graha, (the smell of) herbs, poisonous substances, anger, fear, grief, and sexual passion; the symptoms of these seven varieties of abhiṣaṅga fever; the first three lead to excitement of all three doṣas; anger leads to excitement of pitta; the last three of the series lead to excitement of vāta; the fevers caused by curses and magic are severe and of the saṃnipāta type; the symptoms of fever caused by magic (2.38–45);³⁴ fevers may also be classified as bodily (śārīra) and mental (mānasa),³⁵ saumya and tīkṣṇa,³⁶ antarāśraya (central) and bahirāśraya (peripheral),³⁷ prākṛta (in agreement with the season) and vaikṛta (disagreeing with the season),³⁸ curable and incurable,³⁹ sāma (associated with āma) and nirāma (devoid of āma) (2.46–47ab); the general sense of heat (tāpa) arises in the body first in a bodily, in the mind first in a mental fever (2.47cd);⁴⁰ the yogavāhitva of vāta leads to a feeling of coldness (śīta) when this doṣa is associated with kapha, to a burning sensation (dāha) when it is associated with pitta, and to a mixture of these sensations when associated with both (2.48);⁴¹ the symptoms of antar- and bahirvega fevers (2.49);⁴² the characteristics of prākṛta and vaikṛta fevers (2.50);⁴³ the connections among the doṣas, the seasons, and fever (2.51–52);⁴⁴ features making a fever curable, respectively incurable (2.53);⁴⁵ the features of a fever in the sāma, pacyamāna and jīrṇa (= nirāma or pakva) stages (2.54–56ab);⁴⁶ the five types of viṣamajvara: saṃtata, satata, anyedyus, tṛtīyaka, and caturthaka (2.56cd–57); the description of saṃtata fever, which resides particularly in the rasa (2.58–63);⁴⁷ general features of the other viṣamajvaras (2.64–69ab);⁴⁸ the characteristics of satata, anyedyus and tṛtīyaka, which reside particularly in the blood, muscular tissue, and fatty tissue respectively (2.69cd–70);⁴⁹ the three varieties of tṛtīyaka, with a predominant involvement of pitta and vāta, kapha and pitta, or vāta and kapha (2.71);⁵⁰ the characteristics of caturthaka, which resides in fatty tissue, bone marrow and osseous tissue, or, according to others, in the bone marrow only;⁵¹ its two varieties, with a predominance of kapha or vāta (2.72–73ab);⁵² caturthakaviparyaya (reversed quartan fever), which resides in both bones and bone marrow; its three varieties, each with a predominant involvement of one of the three doṣas (2.73cd–74ab);⁵³ general pathophysiological features of the viṣamajvaras (2.74cd–76ab);⁵⁴ the features indicating subsidence (mokṣa) of a fever (2.76cd–78);⁵⁵ the features of relief from fever (2.79).⁵⁶