A History of Indian Medical Literature v2.c33.226

v2.c33.226

52 The three folds have been identified as the middle and inferior Houston’s valve and the dentate line (see P. Hemantha Kumar and M. Sahu, 1998). 53 Cf. Ca.Ci.14.11–20. Caraka does not describe the type caused by blood. Compare G.J. Meulenbeld (1974): 239–240 and 259. 54 Cf. Ca.Ci.14.21–22. 55 Cf. Ca.Ci.14.11–20. Caraka does not describe the type caused by blood. Compare G.J. Meulenbeld (1974): 239–240 and 259. 56 Cf. Ca.Ci.14.5 and 7–8. 57 Cf. Ca.Ci.14.26–32. Compare Su.Ni.1.23–24. 58 Compare Ca.Ci.14.6: some teach that fleshy growths resembling haemorrhoids occur in other regions of the body too: the penis, female genitals (apatyapatha), throat, palate, mouth, nose, eyelids and skin; these are fleshy growths (adhimāṃsa), whereas haemorrhoids arise from the ano-rectal folds (gudavali). See G.J. Meulenbeld (1974): 248–250 and 262–263. 59 These growths, with the shape of a broom (kūrcanika), are called praroha. Singhal c.s.: venereal warts or new growths. Condylomata acuminata may be meant, but the ulcerating and discharging lesions, which are mentioned too, may point to granuloma inguinale (G.J. Meulenbeld, 1974: 621). 60 These, with the shape of an umbrella, are called karīra. Singhal c.s.: venereal warts or new growths. 61 These, called karīra, are shaped like the mouth of an earthworm (gaṇḍūpada). Singhal c.s.: umbilical granulomata. These growths may be mollusca contagiosa (G.J. Meulenbeld, 1974: 621). 62 These are called arśāṃsi. Singhal c.s.: polypous growths. 63 Mentioned at Ca.Sū.11.49. 64 Some do not accept these verses (Ḍalhaṇa; Gayadāsa). 65 Cf. Ca.Ci.14.20. 66 Cf. Su.Ni.2.16. 67 Cf. Ca.Ci.26.36–44. 68 The term used is vedanā. 69 Singhal c.s.: phosphate calculi. 70 Singhal c.s.: uric acid and urate calculi. 71 Singhal c.s.: oxalate calculi. 72 Idiopathic bladder stone disease in children (these stones usually consist of uric acid or urate) is different from urolithiasis in adults and occurs much more frequently in young boys than in girls; it is rare in modern societies, except those rife with poverty and nutritional deficiencies. In India, the disorder is especially frequent in the northwestern parts of the country (see A.L. Aurora, 1977; A.L. Aurora, V. Ramalingaswami and P.D. Gaitonde, 1964; S.M. Singh, 1977). Several Hippocratic texts show that the disease was common in children, especially boys, in ancient Greece. See on these subjects: M.D. Grmek (1991): 112; R. McCarrison (1931); E.L. Prien (1971); R. Van Reen (1977). 73 Cf. Ca.Ci.26.39cd. 74 The Carakasaṃhitā devotes one single verse (Ci.12.96) to this subject and does not mention the five types, whereas the Bhelasaṃhitā (Sū.26.14) is acquainted with them. 75 The Bhelasaṃhitā (Sū.26.14) calls this type śatayoni. Śataponaka is also the name of a type of śūkadoṣa. 76 Cf. Mādhavanidāna 46.1.