A History of Indian Medical Literature v3.c54: Addenda et corrigenda & Reprints
A History of Indian Medical Literature v3.c54
- Language
- English
Contents
- v3.c54.s1 Addenda et corrigenda — 1 part
Addenda et corrigenda & Reprints
v3.c54.1
&
Addenda et corrigenda
Notice
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The numbers of the notes to Chapter 9 of Part 2 (Suśrutasaṃhitā) of volume IA (pages 369–371) conflict with those of the corresponding chapters of volume IB (pages 489–492): the notes to volume IA begin with notes 1, 1a, 2, etc., while those to volume IB begin with notes 1, 1a, 2, 3, etc.
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In order to make them match, one should change the notes to volume IA by making the series begin with 1, 1a, 2, 3, etc.
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The numbers of the notes to Chapters 2 to 6 of Part 3 (Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā) of volume IA (pages 410–473) do not agree with the numbers of the notes to the corresponding chapters of volume IB (pages 528–594): the notes to volume IA begin with note 2, etc., whereas those to volume IB begin with note 1, etc.
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Consequently, these numbers should be changed, either by making the notes to volume IA begin with 1, or making those of volume IB begin with 2.
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In all cases where the presence or absence of an asterisk (*) in an annotation disagrees with the bibliography, the latter source is decisive.
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I A, XIII: Cat. Calcutta Sanskrit College IX – change IX into X. I A, 76, l.16 from below: abut – change into: about. I A, 80, l.1: breast milk – change into: breastmilk. I A, 80, l.13: meusres – change into: measures. I A, 333, l.22 from below: *Kāsikāvṛtti* – change into: *Kāśikāvṛtti*. I A, 503, l.13: tāpa – change into: tāpa-. I B, 15, n.145: See on karman – add: R.P. Goldman (1985). I B, 16, n.146: M. Müller (n.d.) – change into: M. Müller (1919). I B, 16, n.146: T.W. Rhys Davids (1899) – change into: T.W. Rhys Davids and C.A.F. Rhys Davids (1899). I B, 19, n.205: See on the Indian hospitals for animals – add: R. Froehner (1968): 575–576. I B, 19, n.205: *A. *Īsā (1928) – change into: A. Issa Bey (1928). I B, 20, n.207: See on kārpāsa – add: D. Schlinghoff (1974). I B, 57, n.684: See on alcoholic drinks – add: B.R. Mitra (1873). I B, 62, n.32: S.N. Mishra (1973–74) – change into: S.N. Mishra (1974).
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I B, 65, n.93: See on insanity: S. Pathak (1973–74) – change into: S. Pathak (1974); K.P. Shukla (1973–74) – change into: K.P. Shukla (1974).
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I B, 65, n.93: See on psychiatric syndromes in Indian patients: E.M. Hoch *(1967) – delete *; *N.C. Surya et al. (1964) – delete *; add: J. Ananth (1978); A. Chakraborty (1964); *S. Kakar (1975); M.S. Keshavan, H.S. Narayanan and B.N. Gangadhar (1989); B. Mohan (1973); S. Rao (1966a); N.N. Sen and N. Sundararaj (1958–1960); H.K. Sukthankar and N.S. Vahia (1965); N.S. Vahia (1963).
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I B, 71, n.48: *T. Elizarenkova (1987) – delete *.
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I B, 78, n.34: J. Brough *(1953) – delete *; edited (by P. Chentsalrao): add *; *translated into English – delete *.
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I B, 78, n.42: See on sexual fluids in Indian thought – add: B. Dossi (1998).
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I B, 79, n.56: See on transvestism, homosexuality, etc., in India – add: *G.T. Artola (1975); S. Caldwell (1999a); L. Zwilling (1989).
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I B, 80, n.64: see on the ātivāhikaśarīra – add: B. Dossi (1998): 139–150.
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I B, 81, n.83: See on Indian embryology – add: B. Dossi (1998): 91–97.
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I B, 92, n.285: See on the Indian joint family – add: A. Collins and P. Desai (1999); W. Doniger (1993); J. Mencher (1963); M. Mines (1994); L.B. Murphy (1953); T. Poffenberger (1981).
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I B, 92, n.285: *G. Bose (1949), (1950) – change into: G. Bose (1949), *(1950).
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I B, 92, n.285: *A. Dammann (1993) – delete *.
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I B, 95, n.32: See on dreams – add: A. Crescenzi and F. Torricelli (1997).
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I B, 98, n.11: See for some studies: J.D. Gode (1973–74) – change into: J.D. Gode (1973); *J.K. Ojha (1978) – delete *.
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I B, 98, n.12: See for some studies: J.D. Gode (1973–74) – change into: J.D. Gode (1973).
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I B, 104, n.116: See on sorcery – add: G. Obeyesekere (1975); G. Tarabout (1994).
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I B, 105, n.129: See on this mātrgaṇa – add: N.P. Joshi (1986); O.P. Misra (1989); S.K. Panikkar (1997).
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I B, 106, n.154: S.N. Mishra (1973–74) – change into: S.N. Mishra (1974).
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I B, 107, n.177: See on the treatment of diabetes mellitus: A.N. Chaddha (1973–74) – change into: A.N. Chaddha (1974).
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I B, 108, n.177: M.C. Pandey (1973–74) – change into: M.C. Pandey (1975); Raghunathan and P.V. Sharma *(1968) – delete *; *V.K. Shah (1995): delete *.
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I B, 109, n.206: See on the treatment of leprosy: A. Kumar (1973–74) – change into: A. Kumar (1974); B.P. Singh (1971–73) – change into: B.P. Singh (1973).
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I B, 110, n.218: See on the treatment of śvitra: Z. Ansari (1971–73) – change into: Z. Ansari (1973).
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I B, 112, n.256: P.J. Claus *(1975) – delete *; see, for example – add: B. Becker-Pfleiderer and Virchand Dharamsey (1978); M. Carrin (1999a), (1999b); A.G. Gold (1988); B. Pfleiderer (1983), *(1994); J. Richardson Freeman (1993); E. Schoembucher (1993).
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I B, 112, n.264: See on the gandharvas – add: B. Dossi (1998): 139–150; F.B.J. Kuiper (1996).
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I B, 113, n.271: See on the treatment of unmāda: S. Pathak (1973–74) – change into: S. Pathak (1974).
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I B, 113, n.271: See on psychotherapy in India – add: S. Kakar (1986), (1990a); B.K. Ramanujam (1986), (1999); A. Roland *(1985), *(1991), (1994).
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I B, 113, n.271: See on āyurvedic drugs used in treating mental disorders – add: N.C. Surya et al. (1965).
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I B, 113, n.271: See on the religious treatment of mental illness – add: P. Homans (1984); V. Skultans (1988).
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I B, 113, n.271: See on the treatment of mental disorders in general – add: B.B. Sethi, S. Sachdev and D. Nag (1965); See on the relevance of Yoga – N.S. Vahia et al. *(1973b) – delete *.
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I B, 116, n.321: See on cancer in India – add: W.C. Bentall (1908); R.R. Cooke (1976); D.J. Jussawalla (1976a), (1976b); V.R. Khanolkar (1944a); U.K. Luthra (1976); S. Nissanga (1976); I.M. Orr (1933); J.C. Paymaster (1956); P.N. Wahi (1976); P.N. Wahi et al. (1965); P.N. Wahi, U. Kehar and B. Lahiri (1965).
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I B, 116, n.321: *R. Akhtar (1978b) – delete *.
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I B, 116, n.321: delete R. Akhtar and N. Izhar (1982).
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I B, 117, n.336: See on filariasis in India – add: L. Bandyopadhyay (1996).
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I B, 119, n.361: See on the actions of rohitaka: L.M. Singh (1973–74) – change into: L.M. Singh (1973).
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I B, 120, n.389: See on grahaṇīdoṣa: O.P. Dixit (1973–74) – change into: O.P. Dixit (1974).
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I B, 121, n.408: See on some studies: O.P. Dixit (1973–74) – change into: O.P. Dixit (1974).
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I B, 121, n.415: See on this disease: R.D. Tripathi (1973–74) – change into: R.D. Tripathi (1974).
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I B, 121, n.416: E. Thurston (1901) – delete (1901).
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I B, 122, n.427: See on the treatment of kāmalā – add: M.S. Durkin-Longley (1982): 323–348.
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I B, 123, n.459: See on the treatment of eosinophilia: B.P. Shaw (1973–74) – change into: B.P. Shaw (1974).
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I B, 125, n.501: See on psychosomatic disease in India – add: E.M. Hoch (1965); M. Pflanz and L. Lambelet (1965).
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I B, 125, n.502: See on diarrhoea in India – add: R.A. Feldman, P. Bhat and K.R. Kamath (1970); B. Lozoff, K.R. Kamath and R.A. Feldman (1975).
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I B, 134, n.724: P.D. Gupta (1973–74) – change into: P.D. Gupta (1974).
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I B, 134, n.725: See on the treatment of aśmarī – R.P. Singh (1973–74) – change into: R.P. Singh (1973); add: L.M. Singh, J.P. Shukla and P.J. Deshpande (1987).
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I B, 135, n.733: See on the treatment of hṛdroga: G.N. Chaturvedi (1973–74) – change into: G.N. Chaturvedi (1973); See on drugs lowering the cholesterol level: D.V. Aggarwal (1971–73) – change into: D.V. Aggarwal (1973).
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I B, 142, n.878: See on the treatment of karṇinī: S.K. Negi (1973–74) – change into: S.K. Negi (1974).
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I B, 142, n.896: See on the treatment of pradara: S. Kumari (1973–74) – change into: S. Kumari (1974).
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I B, 148, n.120: J.-A. Decourdemanche *(1913)* – delete *. I B, 142, n.888 – add: See on pradara: M.S. Durkin-Longley (1982): 290–323. I B, 142, n.896 – add: See on the treatment of pradara: M.S. Durkin-Longley (1982): 290–323. I B, 184, n.16: *H. Maspero – delete *. I B, 184, n.20: D.C. Sircar (1986c) – change into: D.C. Sircar (1968c). I B, 186, n.40: hemānta – change into hemanta. I B, 186, n.49: See on these Śākadvīpīyabrāhmaṇas – add: K.K. Roy (1974): 699. I B, 187, n.60 – add: Carakas are mentioned in Sphujidhvaja’s Yavanajātaka (22.1: āhiṇḍika; ed. D. Pingree). See on references to them also: D. Pingree (1978): II, 311. I B, 187, n.61: See on Nahapāna, Ṛṣabhadatta – add: D. Pingree (1978): I, 10–13. I B, 188, n.73: *A. Parpola (1977) – delete *. I B, 190, n.116: A. Weber *(1852)* – delete *. I B, 195, n.176: *critical edition – delete *. I B, 235, n.5 – add: V.G. Rahurkar (1984). I B, 302, n.500: *H.D. Velankar – delete *. I B, 313, n.1: Editions of the Suśrutasaṃhitā – add to ed. cc: *repr., Jayakṛṣṇadāsa Āyurveda Series No. 51, 1998; add to ed. t: *repr., Caukhambā Āyurvijñan Granthamālā 60, Vārāṇasī 1999. I B, 314, n.1: Translations of the Suśrutasaṃhitā – add: Suśruta-saṃhitā, with English translation of text and Dalhaṇa’s commentary along with critical notes, edited and translated by Priya Vrat Sharma, Haridas Ayurveda Series 9, Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi 1999. I B, 315, n.1: Translations of the Suśrutasaṃhitā – add to ed. e: *repr., edited by Jyotir Mitra, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Studies Vol. XXX, Varanasi 1998. I B, 323, n.110: See on the preparation and use of kṣāra: S.K. Pandey (1973–74) – change into: S.K. Pandey (1974). I B, 327, n.186: See on Indian rhinoplasty – add: T.J.S. Patterson (1974). I B, 338, n.445: *Y.C. Roy (1916) – change into: B.J.C. Ray (1918). I B, 349, n.689: See on betel – add: J.R. Marr (1972): 45–47. I B, 352, n.734: See on mantha – add: S. Einoo (1985). I B, 352, n.757: See – add: S. Einoo (1985). I B, 352, n.758: See – add: S. Einoo (1985). I B, 363, n.233: See on plague in India – add: D. Arnold (1991); M.N. Pearson (1995): 153–154. I B, 370, n.4: M. Müller, n.d. – change into: M. Müller, 1919. I B, 389, n.258: See on the Uttarakurus – add: G. Tucci (1971): II, 508, n.1. I B, 399, n.131: See on her and her cult – add: P.K. Maity (1989): 70–81. I B, 400, n.163: *R. Bleichsteiner (1937) – change into: *R. Bleichsteiner (1934). I B, 403, n.12: See on Indian ophthalmology – add: K.M. Shyam Sundar (1996). I B, 413, n.283: *P. Breton (1826) – delete *; R.H. Elliot *(1917b) – delete *. I B, 474, n.187: *V.G. Rahurkar (1964) – delete *.
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I B, 476, n.213: *L.de la Vallée Poussin (1931/32): I, 383, (1937): V, 270 – change into: *L. de la Vallée Poussin (1931/32): I, 383. I B, 479, n.267: *Edition – delete *. I B, 479, n.268: *P.V. Sharma (1993c) – delete *. I B, 485, n.401: Sempa Dorjee (1979) – change into: Sempa Dorje (1998). I B, 513, n.1: Editions of the Aṣṭāngahṛdayasaṃhitā – add: *Aṣṭāngahṛdaya of Śrīmad-vāgbhaṭa, edited by Brahmānand Tripāṭhī, Vrajajivan Ayurvijnana Granthamala 27, Delhi 1999. I B, 516, n.1: Translations of the Aṣṭāngahṛdayasaṃhitā – add: *Aṣṭāṅga Hṛdaya of Vāgbhaṭa: the book of eight branches of Ayurveda; English translation by a board of scholars, 3 vols., Indian Medical Science Series Nos. 75, 76, 77, Sri Satguru, Delhi 1999. I B, 564, n.102: Compare Kāṅkhorda – add: see on Kākhorda: J. Nobel (1958): I, 230–233 (see: Suvarṇaprabhāsasūtra, n.1453). I B, 598, n.1: Translations of the Aṣṭāngasaṃgraha – add: *Aṣṭāṅga Saṃgraha of Vāgbhaṭa: the compendium of eight branches of Ayurveda; text and English translation with illustrations by a board of scholars; introduction by Vaidya Asha Ram, 3 vols., Indian Medical Science Series Nos. 74, 78, 79, Sri Satguru, Delhi 1999. I B, 643, n.36: *E.M. Hare – delete *. I B, 643, n.36 – add: See on musāragalva: S.K. Chatterji (1939): 71–74; G. Tucci (1971): II, 519. I B, 679, n.62: See on the Śakas – add: D. Pingree (1978): I, 6–22. I B, 682, n.105: See on Aparājita – add: F.W. Thomas (1903); L.A. Waddell (1912/1913): 173. I B, 682, n.108: See on Tārā – add: D. Kinsley (1997; see index). I B, 683, n.120: See on Avalokiteśvara – add: J.K. Locke (1980): 405–418. I B, 683, n.122: *N. Dutt (1939) – delete *. I B, 683, n.124: See on Parṇaśabarī – add: F.W. Thomas (1903). I B, 684, n.139 – add: See on sitātapatra- and uṣṇīṣavijayādhāraṇīs: F.W. Thomas (1903); L.A. Waddell (1912/1913): 173. I B, 720, n.1191: Bhagwan Dash *(1995b), *(1998) – delete *; add: Bhagwan Dash (1999). I B, 765, n.255: T.W. Rhys Davids (*1899: II, 65) – change into: T.W. Rhys Davids and C.A.F. Rhys Davids (1899: *II, 65). I B, 766, n.259 – add: Jyotir Mitra (1999a).
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Reprints* Sixty-three combinations of tastes are distinguished;479 these combinations become innumerable if the after-tastes (anurasa) are also taken into consideration. Taste and after-taste are defined.480 Successful treatment depends on the proper administration of drugs with a particular combination of tastes (26.14–28).
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∗ The following pages are corrected versions of the technically defective pages in Volume IA.
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The list of ten guṇas481 consists of paratva (superiority), aparatva (inferiority),482 yukti,483 saṃkhyā (number), saṃyoga (conjunction),484 vibhāga (disjunction),485 pṛthaktva (separateness),486 parimāṇa (measurement), saṃskāra (processing),487 and abhyāsa (repetitive practice) (26.29–35).
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The relationships between the six tastes and the five mahābhūtas are discussed (26.39–41).488
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The properties and actions of each of the six tastes are elaborately described (26.43),489 followed by relationships between tastes on the one hand, vīrya, guṇa and karman on the other; exceptions to general rules are given; the three degrees of the six chief properties (guṇa) with regard to the tastes are discussed (26.45–56).490
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Vipāka (post-digestive taste) is dealt with; kaṭu, tikta and kaṣāya are transformed into kaṭu, amla remains amla, madhura and lavaṇa are madhura after digestion; three degrees of vipāka are distinguished (26.57–63).491
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Vīrya is taken account of; the number of vīryas is either eight: mṛdu (soft), tīkṣṇa (sharp), guru (heavy), laghu (light), snigdha (oleaginous), rūkṣa (dry), uṣṇa (hot) and śīta (cold), or two only: śīta and uṣṇa (26.64–67).492
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Prabhāva (specific action) is described as a property which cannot be explained, being beyond reasoning (acintya) (26.68–71).493
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Vipāka is declared to be stronger than rasa, vīrya overcomes vipāka, and prabhāva is even stronger than vīrya (26.72).494
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Actions of the tastes are mentioned again (26.74–79).495
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After this long exposition of Ātreya, Agniveśa asks him to give an account of disagreeing (vairodhika) articles of food.496 Ātreya, complying with this request, says that substances may be antagonistic to constituents (dhātu) of the body due to their properties, combination, processing, nature (svabhāva), etc. As an example he mentions the combination of fish and milk. Bhadrakāpya objects, asserting that milk may freely be taken together with fish, the fish called cilicima excepted (26.80–83).497
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A long exposition by Ātreya on numerous antagonistic articles of diet (26.84),498 types of antagonism (26.86–101),499 bad effects of antagonistic foods, and the treatment of disorders resulting from disregarding the rules (26.102–106), is found at the end of the chapter.
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Chapter twenty-seven, called annapānavidhi,500 is concerned with articles of diet (anapāna) and describes their medicinal properties and actions.
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The foods and drinks are divided into the following groups:501 śūkadhānya (awned cereals; 27.8–22);502 śamidhānya (pulse; 27.23–34);503 māṃsa (meat; 27.35–87);504 śāka (vegetables; 27.88cd–124);505 phala (fruits; 27.125–165);506 harita (vegetables used in salads; 27.166–177);507 madya (alcoholic drinks; 27.178–195);508 jala (water; 27.196–216);509 gorasa (milk and milk products; 27.217–236);510 ikṣu (the sugarcane and its products; 27.237–242);511 honey512 and a disorder caused by honey (madhvā-
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tients exhibiting such signs are therefore puṣpita. 18
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Ariṣṭas relating to the smell emitted by a patient’s body are described (2.8–16),19 followed by those relating to its taste, as may be deduced from its attractiveness to various kinds of insects (2.17–22).
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Chapter three, called parimarśanīya, is about fatal signs to be ascertained by means of palpation (parimarśana, sparśa), followed by some other categories of ariṣṭas.
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Rules for palpation and inauspicious abnormalities found by means of this procedure are described (3.4–5).20
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The physician should also examine the patient’s way of breathing (ucchvāsa), the region of the carotid arteries (manyā), the teeth, eyelashes, eyes, hair of the head and body, belly, nails and fingers. Fatal signs to be breathing and signs occurring in the mentioned parts of the body are described (3.6).
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Chapter four, called indriyānīka, 21 is concerned with ariṣṭas pertaining to the functions of the senses; this category has to be determined by means of inference (anumāna) (4.3–4). 22 Many fatal signs of this type are described. 23
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Chapter five, called pūrvarūpīya, 24 deals with fatal prodromes (pūrvarūpa). 25 In general, presence of the complete set of prodromes of a particular disease indicates a fatal outcome (5.3–5). Prodromes, pointing to the severe character of a series of particular diseases, are described. Dreams (svapna) form a conspicuous element among these fatal signs (5.6–25). 26
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Numerous dreams auguring imminent death or great anguish (dāruṇaḥ svapnāḥ) are described (5.27–39). 27 Healthy persons, having the same dreams, may sometimes escape this fate (5.40). The dāruṇa dreams are explained as having an organic basis (5.40–41). 28
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Seven types of dreams are distinguished: based on visual perceptions (dṛṣṭa), based on auditory perceptions (śruta), perceptions by other senses (anubhūta), 29 based on wishes (prārthita), based on imagination (kalpita), pointing to future events (bhāvika), and based on disturbances of the doṣas (doṣaja) (5.43). The first five types have no effects (aphala); 30 the same applies to dreams experienced during day-sleep and to those which are very short or very long31 (5.44). 32 Dreams occurring during the first part of the night have weak results (5.45ab). 33 The effect of a dream becomes operative at once if one does not sleep again after dreaming it (5.45cd). 34 The prognostic meaning of an inauspicious dream is annulled when it is followed by one to be regarded as auspicious (5.46). 35
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Chapter six, called katamāniśarīrīya, describes signs which should make the physician decide to give up treatment. 36
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Chapter seven, called pannarūpīya, 37 deals with the prognostic significance of a patient’s chāyā, praticchāyā and prabhā (7.3–17), followed by various ariṣṭas (7.18–31).
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Individuals are of three types according to their measurement: short, medium (9.89cd–94); 277 treatment of unmāda in the same way as apasmāra (9.95); 278 the prevention of unmāda (9.96); the signs indicating recovery (9.97).
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Recipes provided with a name are: kalyāṇakaghṛta (9.33cd–42ab), 279 mahākalyāṇakaghṛta (9.42cd–44), 280 mahāpaiśācakaghṛta (9.45–48), 281 laśunādyaghṛta (9.49–51), and a second laśunādyaghṛta (9.52–56). 282
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Chapter ten, on apasmāra (epilepsy), deals with: a definition of this disease (10.3); 283 its aetiology (10.4–5) and pathogenesis (10.6–8ab); 284 the four types of apasmāra: caused by vāta, pitta, kapha and saṃnipāta; their symptoms 285 and degrees of curability; the intervals between the attacks (10.8cd–13); treatment of apasmāra (10.14–52); 286 apasmāra, in which an āgantu factor is secondarily (as an anubandha) involved, 287 added to the doṣic aetiology, should be treated in the same way as the āgantu type of unmāda (10.53); the aetiology, pathogenesis (saṃprāpti), symptomatology and therapy of the major disease (mahāgada) called atattvābhiniveśa (10.54–63); 288 the treatment of chronic (cirakārin) epilepsy which has acquired a firm footing (kṛtāspada) (10.64–65); precautions to be taken by a patient suffering from apasmāra (10.66).
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Recipes provided with a name are: pañcagavyaghṛta (10.16–17) 289 and mahāpañcagavyaghṛta (10.18–24). 290
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Chapter eleven is concerned with kṣatakṣīṇa (injury to the chest and its effects). 291
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The subjects dealt with are: the aetiology of this disease (11.4–8); its pathogenesis; kṣata (injury) of the chest leads to kṣaya (wasting), due to deficiency of śukra and ojas (11.9–12ab); the prodromes 292 and symptoms (11.12cd–13); the degrees of curability (11.14); treatment (11.15–95).
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Recipes provided with a name are: elādigulikā (11.21–24), 293 amṛtaprāśaghṛta (11.35–43), 294 śvadaṃṣṭrāḍighṛta (11.44–47), five varieties of sarpirguḍa (11.50–55, 56–61, 62–65, 66–69, 70–77), 295 saindhavādicūrṇa (11.85–87), and ṣāḍava (11.88–90).
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Chapter twelve is about śvayathu (swelling). 296
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It deals with the following subjects: the classification of the types of this disorder: caused by vāta, pitta and kapha, nija and anija (= āgantu), localized (ekāṅgaja) and generalized (sarvaja) 297 (12.4); 298 the aetiology of the nija and āgantu types (12.5–7ab); 299 three varieties of the nija and āgantu types according to their seat: the whole body, half of it, or part of it (12.7cd); the saṃprāpti of śvayathu (12.8); śvayathu occurring in the upper (ūrdhvaga), lower (adhoga) and middle part (madhyaga) of the body, śvayathu of the whole body (sarvāṅgaga), and localized forms, called after the part affected (12.9); the prodromes (12.10ab); all varieties of śvayathu are caused by the three concerted doṣas, but they are designated after the predominant doṣa and treated accordingly (2.10cd); the symptoms of śvayathu in general (12.11); the symptoms of śvayathu with a predominance of vāta (12.12), pitta (12.13) and kapha (12.14); 300 six fatal complications (12.15); 301 signs indicating curability (12.16ab); the treatment of śvayathu 302 (12.16cd–73). 303
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of rakta is bile (pitta); the waste products of māṃsa consist of the impurities of the bodily orifices; the waste product of medas is sweat (sveda), of asthi the hairs of head (keśa) and body (loman), of majjā the fatty substance (sneha) of eyes, faeces and skin; these substances support (upasaṃstambha) each other and maintain the body (15.18–19).
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The intake of aphrodisiacs (vṛṣya) accelerates the processes described. Some are of the opinion that the process of conversion of the bodily elements (parivartana) is completed in a period of six days; however, the transformational processes (parivṛtti) take place continually in a cyclic way (cakravat) (15.20–21). 397
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On the request of his pupil, Ātreya explains the changes of the properties of the bodily elements in the course of the transformational processes (15.22–35). 398
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The vyāna disperses the element rasa continually throughout the body; a local morbid alteration (vikṛti) appears if this moving about of rasa is blocked at a particular place due to pathological changes of channels (khavaiguṇya); the doṣas are subsequently excited at that very place (15.36–38ab).
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The digestive fire is the chief one (adhipa) among all the bodily fires (paktar), which are dependent on it. For this reason it should be carefully protected, since, otherwise, grahaṇīdoṣa may develop (15.38cd–41).
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The aetiology of disorders of the digestive fire (agnidoṣa) is described, 399 followed by their symptoms, in combination with excitation of the one of the three doṣas (15.42–49).
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The actions on the dhātus of a normal digestive fire and of a disordered fire are described (15.50–51ab).
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A weak digestive fire leads to incomplete digestion (vidāha) of the ingested food, which then moves upwards or downwards; the disorder is called grahaṇīgada if it moves downwards. The symptoms are described, followed by the prodromes (15.51cd–55). 400
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The grahaṇī and its functions are dealt with (15.56–57). 401
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The aetiology and symptomatology of grahaṇīdoṣa caused by vāta, pitta, kapha and saṃnipāta are discussed. 402 The three disorders of the digestive fire mentioned in the rogānīka chapter 403 are included under the heading of grahaṇīdoṣa (15.58–72).
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The remaining part of the chapter is devoted to the treatment of grahaṇīdoṣa 404 and agnidoṣa (15.73–243).
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Recipes provided with a name are: daśamūlādyaghṛta (15.82–86), 405 tryūṣaṇādyaghṛta (15.87), 406 pañcamūlādyaghṛta and -cūrṇa (15.88–93), citrakādyaguṭikā (15.96–97), maricādyacūrṇa (15.98–110), 407 takrāriṣṭa (15.117cd–121), 408 candādyaghṛta (15.125–128), nāgarādyacūrṇa (15.129–131), 409 bhūnim bādyacūrṇa (15.132–133), kirātādyacūrṇa (15.134–140), 410 madhūkāsava (15.146–149), 411 durālābhāsava (15.152–155), 412 mūlāsava (15.156–159), piṇḍāsava (15.160–162), madhvariṣṭa (15.163–167), ṣatpalaghṛta (15.168–170), 413 kṣāraghṛta (15.171–172), 414 and several kinds of kṣāra (15.177–193).
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Chapter sixteen is concerned with pāṇḍuroga (morbid pallor and related disorders). 415
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Subjects dealt with are: the five types of pāṇḍuroga, caused respectively by vāta, pitta, kapha, saṃnipāta and the eating of earth (mṛdbhakṣaṇa) 416 (16.3); 417 quickly as possible (17.68cd–69).
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The remaining part of the chapter (17.70–151)⁴⁶³ is devoted to treatment⁴⁶⁴ (17.68–150).⁴⁶⁵
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Recipes provided with a name are: muktādyacūrṇa (17.125–128), tejovatyādighṛta (17.141cd–144),⁴⁶⁶ and manaḥśilādighṛta (17.145–146).
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⁴⁶⁶ ...
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Chapter eighteen is concerned with kāsa (cough).⁴⁶⁷
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Its subjects are: the five types of kāsa: three types caused by the doṣas, one caused by a trauma (kṣata), and one caused by wasting (kṣaya);⁴⁶⁸ they lead to wasting when they are progressive (18.3–4); the prodromes (18.5);⁴⁶⁹ the saṃprāpti (18.6–8);⁴⁷⁰ the causes of the specific characteristics (18.9); the aetiology and symptomatology of kāsa brought about by vāta (18.10–13),⁴⁷¹ pitta (18.14–16),⁴⁷² kapha (18.17–19),⁴⁷³ injury to the chest (uraḥkṣata) (18.20–23),⁴⁷⁴ and wasting (18.24–29a);⁴⁷⁵ kāsa due to wasting is fatal in wasted (kṣīṇa) patients, but curable in strong ones; kāsa of traumatic origin is palliable in strong patients; both types are sometimes curable if they are of recent origin and correctly treated; kāsa appearing in old age (jarākāsa) is palliable (18.29–30).⁴⁷⁶
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The remaining part of the chapter is devoted to treatment⁴⁷⁷ (18.31–190).⁴⁷⁸
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Recipes provided with a name are: kaṇṭakārīghṛta (18.35),⁴⁷⁹ pippalyādighṛta (18.36–38),⁴⁸⁰ tryūṣaṇādyaghṛta (18.39–42),⁴⁸¹ rāsnāghṛta (18.43–46),⁴⁸² citrakādileha (18.53–56), agastyaharītakī (18.57–62),⁴⁸³ daśamūlādighṛta (18.123–124),⁴⁸⁴ a second kaṇṭakārīghṛta (18.125–128), kulatthādighṛta (18.129),⁴⁸⁵ dvipañcamūlādighṛta (18.158–160), guḍūcyādighṛta (18.161–162),⁴⁸⁶ harītakīleha (18.168–169), and padmakādileha (18.174–175).⁴⁸⁷
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Chapter nineteen gives an exposition on atīsāra (diarrhoea).⁴⁸⁸
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It begins with a story on the first appearance⁴⁸⁹ of this disease. During the first age of the world (ādikāla) the sacrificial animals were not killed, but only taken hold of. Later, after Dakṣa’s sacrifice,⁴⁹⁰ the animals began to be consecrated (prokṣaṇa)⁴⁹¹ with their own consent (abhyanujñāna), in the sacrificial rites (kratu) of the sons of (Vaivasvata) Manu, called Nariṣyant, Nābhāga, Ikṣvāku, Nrga, Śaryāti,⁴⁹² etc. Still later, Pṛṣadhra⁴⁹³ started sacrificing cattle, because other animals were not available for his prolonged soma ritual (dīrghasattra).⁴⁹⁴ This made all creatures grief-stricken, and, when the meat of these cattle was consumed, all creatures began, because of their mental affliction and, consequently, by an impaired digestive fire, to suffer from diarrhoea, due to the properties of this inauspicious (aśasta) food (19.4).
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The chapter proceeds with: the description of the aetiology⁴⁹⁵ and symptomatology of atīsāra caused by vāta (19.5), pitta (19.6), kapha (19.7);⁴⁹⁶ two saṃnipāta types of atīsāra⁴⁹⁷; degrees of curability⁴⁹⁸ (19.8–10); atīsāra due to fear (bhaya)⁴⁹⁹ and grief (śoka);⁵⁰⁰ the last two types, of a mental and exogenous nature, present the same symptoms as atīsāra caused by vāta (19.11).⁵⁰¹
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The remaining part of the chapter is devoted to the treatment of the curable kinds of six types of atīsāra⁵⁰² (19.12–122).⁵⁰³ A recipe called cāṅgerīghṛta is mentioned (19.43).⁵⁰⁴
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enumerated, followed by the characteristics of persons who are bitten by these three kinds,⁵⁸⁴ by a pregnant (garbhiṇī) snake,⁵⁸⁵ and by one who has given birth (sūtā);⁵⁸⁶ a four-footed snake, born from a godhā, is called a gaudheyaka and resembles a black snake (kṛṣṇasarpa);⁵⁸⁷ several other crossbreeds (miśrajāti) are known;⁵⁸⁸ the characteristics of serious (bhṛśabādha) and less serious bites (23.130–135); the black snake when young, the goṇasa⁵⁸⁹ of advanced age, and the adult rājīmant are like āśīviṣa (23.136);⁵⁹⁰ the four fangs of venomous snakes, their colours, the quantity of poison they contain (23.137–139); the two kinds of poisonous kīṭas,⁵⁹¹ arising from the faeces and urine of snakes: those containing dūṣīviṣa (slowly acting poison) and those containing prāṇahara (deadly) poison; the characteristics of the bites of these kīṭas and the symptoms produced (23.140–143); the signs and symptoms of a bite by a dūṣīviṣa spider (lūtā) and of spiders in general (23.144–146);⁵⁹² the signs and symptoms of bites and stings by a rat (ākhu, mūṣika),⁵⁹³ lizard (kṛkalāsaka),⁵⁹⁴ scorpion (vṛścika),⁵⁹⁵ kanabha,⁵⁹⁶ uccitiṅga,⁵⁹⁷ frog or toad (maṇḍūka),⁵⁹⁸ fish (matsya), leech (jalaukas),⁵⁹⁹ gecko (gṛhagodhikā),⁶⁰⁰ centipede (śatapadi),⁶⁰¹ gnat (maśaka),⁶⁰² fly or bee (makṣikā),⁶⁰³ and sthagikā⁶⁰⁴ (23.147–158); bites leading to death (23.159–161ab);⁶⁰⁵ factors aggravating the effect of poison (23.162); snakes whose venom has a mild effect (23.163);⁶⁰⁶ anger is the releasing factor of venom in snakes (23.164);⁶⁰⁷ vāta predominates in the poison of uccitiṅga and scorpion, vāta and pitta in that of kīṭas, kapha in that of the kaṇabha, etc.; treatment should consist of the prescription of substances counteracting these doṣas (23.165–166); the symptoms produced by a poison in which respectively vāta, pitta or kapha predominates (23.167–169); treatment of the bites and stings mentioned (23.170–174);⁶⁰⁸ the bite of a dog excites the three doṣas and corrupts the bodily elements; the symptoms of a dogbite;⁶⁰⁹ the bites of other fierce animals (vyāla); poisonous and non-poisonous bites (23.175–178); treatment of diverse kinds of poisoning⁶¹⁰ (23.179–249);⁶¹¹ the section on treatment mentions a poisonous animal called viśvambhara (23.214);⁶¹² the condition called śaṅkāviṣa, i.e., the anxiety of someone who thinks to have been bitten (by a snake), is described, as well as its treatment (23.221–223);⁶¹³ things wholesome and wholesome to victims of poisoning (23.224–228);⁶¹⁴ the symptoms of poisoning by quadrupeds and its treatment (23.229–232); gara, prepared and administered mixed with food by women afraid to lose the favour of their husband or lover, is also dealt with, followed by the treatment of the victim (23.233–240).⁶¹⁵
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The chapter ends with measures to be taken immediately after a bite (23.250–253)⁶¹⁶ and a concluding verse (23.254.)
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Recipes with a name are pañcaśīrīṣāgada (23.212–218)⁶¹⁷ and amṛtaghṛta (23.242cd–249).⁶¹⁸
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Chapter twenty-four is about madātyaya (alcoholism and its complications).⁶¹⁹
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Its subjects are: the eulogy of surā,⁶²⁰ honoured by gods and sages, used as an oblation in the sautrāmaṇī ritual,⁶²¹ etc.; the advice to use it properly (24.3–10); the proper way in general of consuming alcoholic drinks (madya) (24.11–20);⁶²² special prescriptions⁶²³ for persons with a vātika, paittika or ślaiṣmika constitution (24.21–23),⁶²⁴ applicable to those who are wealthy or on the path to prosperity (24.24);
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First 200 of 439 passages. Read on