Ancient Indian Education (Brahmanical and Buddhist) c10.14

c10.14

¹ The Chhāndogya Upanishad marks out five parts in a Sāma-song, viz. (1) *Prastāva* or introduction preceded by the syllable *Hum* sung by the Prastotṛi; (2) *Udgītha* to be sung by the Udgātṛi priest first uttering the sound *Om*; (3) *Pratihāra* ("joining in"), preceded by *Hum*, to be sung by Pratihartṛi who joins in the last syllable sometimes taken in two parts, viz. (4) *Upadrava* or recession, consisting of the last two syllables of the Pratihāra sung by Udgātṛi, and (5) *Nidhana* comprising two syllables or *Om* sung by all the three priests. These five parts may be thus shown in the first verse of the Sāmaveda (taken from *Rv.*, vi, 16, 10):—