Ancient Indian Education (Brahmanical and Buddhist) c13.40

c13.40

The *Charaṇas* in Pāṇini’s times had a much wider basis than before. Two elements are distinguished in that basis by Kātyāyana [Vārttika, 11, to iv, 2, 120], viz. (1) *Āmnāya*, i.e. the sacred texts handed down by repetition, and (2) *Dharma*, i.e. the laws peculiar to the Charaṇa. Thus each *Charaṇa* had its own particular set of traditional texts and customs or practical usages and regulations [see also iv, 1, 63].