Ancient Indian Education (Brahmanical and Buddhist) c13.42

c13.42

Schools based on different Vedic texts are mentioned. Thus *Śākala* or *Śākalaka* is the name of the *Saṃgha* or *Charaṇa* for the study of the *Śākala Śākhā* or recension of the *Rigveda* [iv, 3, 128]. Pāṇini also refers to the schools of Kaṭha, Charaka, and Kalāpin [ib. 107, 108], to which Patañjali adds Kauthuma [gloss on ii, 4, 3], Maudaka, and Paippalādaka [iv, 3, 120 (11)]. According to Patañjali, the Kāṭhaka and Kālāpaka recensions were very popular, being taught in every village. *Paippalādaka* refers to a recension of the Atharvaveda, while the other terms are connected with the *Śākhās* of the Yajurveda. Kātyāyana refers to the School of the *Ātharvaṇas* [Vārttika 2 to iv, 3 (131)]. We may also note in this connection the different Vedic *Charaṇas* founded by each of the *four* immediate pupils of Kalāpī and of the *nine* of Vaiśampāyana as indicated by Pāṇini [iv, 3, 104].